Arranging windows in space

The confidence labels are the same as in ssh.md.

The short version

The in-headset Linux desktop is one flat panel: a nested Plasma session, fixed at 1280×800, drawn into a single SteamVR overlay. Windows inside it are arranged by KWin inside that rectangle. They can't leave it.
Every Steam app gets its own panel. gamescope runs with --virtual-connector-strategy PerAppId, so each distinct app id becomes a separate SteamVR overlay named valve.steam.desktopgame.<appid>.
To float a Linux app on its own, run it on gamescope's X display (:0) instead of in Plasma, and tag its window with an app id of its own. scripts/panel-on-frame.sh does this:

./scripts/panel-on-frame.sh konsole                    # a terminal, as its own panel
./scripts/panel-on-frame.sh --name notes -- kate '~/notes.md'   # quote ~ so the Frame expands it
./scripts/panel-on-frame.sh org.mozilla.firefox        # a Flatpak
./scripts/panel-on-frame.sh mac-screen                 # the Mac's screen (Remmina/VNC)

Then place each panel with the SteamVR dashboard's docking controls: Float in World, Move, Size, Toggle Curvature, dock on the left or right controller, View in Theater, and Multitasking View.

How a panel is born (verified 2026-09-25)

gamescope's command line on the Frame includes:

--backend openvr --xwayland-count 2 --virtual-connector-strategy PerAppId
--vr-overlay-key valve.steam.gamepadui.fallback
--vr-app-overlay-key valve.steam.desktopgame
--vr-overlay-physical-width 2.67 --vr-overlay-enable-control-bar
--nested-width 1280 --nested-height 720

gamescope reads each X11 window's STEAM_GAME property as its app id. That's the same property Steam sets on games it launches. On a new id, Steam's SteamVR system UI logs:

[Overlays] Created: valve.steam.desktopgame.7777777
[Overlays] Created: valve.steam.desktopgame.7777777.layer1 … layer7

The test: an xterm on DISPLAY=:0, tagged with xprop -id <win> -f STEAM_GAME 32c -set STEAM_GAME 7777777, produced the overlay above. Two more apps with different ids (konsole, xterm) produced two more overlays, and all three were listed together in the root property GAMESCOPE_FOCUSABLE_APPS. Not yet checked by eye: how the new panels look in the headset and how they handle input.

Untagged windows on :0 get app id 0 and share the default panel. Plasma itself (kwin_wayland, pid in GAMESCOPE_FOCUSABLE_WINDOWS) is one of those.

What `panel-on-frame.sh` does

Sets DISPLAY=:0, unsets WAYLAND_DISPLAY, and forces X11 in the toolkits (QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb, GDK_BACKEND=x11, SDL_VIDEODRIVER=x11, MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND=0). A Wayland-only app would connect to gamescope's own Wayland socket and not get tagged.
Starts the app detached (setsid nohup), so it outlives SSH.
Diffs the root window's children before and after, and sets STEAM_GAME on each new mapped top-level window. It keeps watching about 3s after the first window (for splash screens), up to 20s in total (for slow Flatpaks). It gives up early if the app exits before showing a window.
The id comes from --id, or is derived from --name/the command in the range 2,000,000,000–2,000,999,999, far above real Steam app ids. The same label always gives the same id.

Limits:

Single-instance apps (Remmina, most KDE apps with a running copy in Plasma) hand the request to the existing process, so the window opens wherever that process lives. Close the app in Plasma first.
A window the app opens later (a dialog, a second window) isn't tagged, so it lands on the default panel. Tag it by hand: ssh frame 'DISPLAY=:0 xprop -id <win> -f STEAM_GAME 32c -set STEAM_GAME <id>' (find <win> with DISPLAY=:0 xwininfo -root -children).
The script tags any new window on :0 during its watch window, so a Steam popup that opens in those few seconds would join the panel too. For the same reason, run one panel-on-frame.sh at a time. If a stray window is tagged first, the script can report success while the app's own window stays on the default panel; check in the headset.
Each panel renders at gamescope's nested size (1280×720), not the Plasma desktop's 1280×800.
Steam treats the tagged id as "the current game": it applies a generic controller config and logs Failed to get app info for the made-up id. So far this hasn't caused anything worse.

Placing panels: the SteamVR dashboard (inferred from SteamVR's UI code)

The Frame's SteamVR dashboard (/opt/steamvr/resources/webinterface/dashboard/) wraps each overlay in a frame with a dock location: Dashboard, World, Theater, LeftController, RightController. The strings and handlers are there (dashboard_english.json, systemui.js):

Control	What it does
Float in World	Only shown while the panel is docked on the dashboard. Detaches it into the room, where it stays after the dashboard closes.
Move / grab handle	Push, pull and drag the panel. Grab Handle Acceleration in SteamVR settings speeds up push and pull.
Size	Resize the floating panel.
Toggle Curvature	Flat vs curved.
Dock on Left/Right Controller	Attach to a controller, like a wrist screen.
Dock on Dashboard / Return to Dashboard	Put it back.
View in Theater / Show/Hide Theater Screen	Shows the panel as a large theater screen.
Multitasking View	Shows every open panel together (only if `VRHTML.BSupportsMultitaskingView()`).
More Options (…)	Where the less common docking actions live.

Still to check in the headset: where exactly each control appears, whether floating positions survive a panel closing and reopening, and whether there's a limit on the number of floating panels.

Other routes

Just the desktop somewhere else: float the Plasma panel itself. No script needed.
Inside the desktop panel: KWin tiling (Meta+arrow keys with a Bluetooth keyboard) or virtual desktops arrange windows within the 1280×800 rectangle.
Windows-only overlay tools (Desktop+, OVR Toolkit, OVRdrop) do this for a PC's desktop in SteamVR. They don't run on the Frame's standalone Linux.

Frame Control's media theatre

The owned media player can show its video or stereo image on a larger, head-relative screen with its own dark surround. Verified remotely 2026-09-28, SteamOS 0.4.1 / BUILD_ID 20260925.6191901: screen, eye isolation, surround and cleanup. It does not alter panel docking or global settings. Its Overlay RGBA rendering hook is available to stream producers; applying SteamVR theatre docking to existing Mac/PC panels is still unverified here.

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