Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into tmp/rdp61

# Conflicts:
#	ui/frame_host.py
#	ui/server.py

app/main.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Frame Control as a desktop app (macOS, Windows, Linux): starts ui/server.py on
 // a free loopback port and shows it in a native window. The server does all the
 // work over the `frame` SSH alias; this file only hosts it.
-const { app, BrowserWindow, Menu, Notification, clipboard, dialog, ipcMain, shell } = require("electron");
+const { app, BrowserWindow, Menu, Notification, clipboard, dialog, ipcMain, nativeImage, shell } = require("electron");
 const { execFile, spawn } = require("child_process");
 const { promisify } = require("util");
 const fs = require("fs");
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ async function startServer() {
   const target = `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/`;
   for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
     if (exited !== null) throw new Error(`The server exited (${exited}). See ${LOG}.`);
-    if (await ping(target)) { url = target; return; }
+    if (await ping(target)) { url = target; serverStarted = Date.now(); return; }
     await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 100));
   }
   if (server === child) server = null;
@@ -175,18 +175,27 @@ function stopServer() {
   if (server) endServer(server);
 }
 
-function errorPage(message) {
+function errorPage(message, title = "Frame Control couldn't start") {
   const esc = (s) => s.replace(/[&<>]/g, (c) => ({ "&": "&amp;", "<": "&lt;", ">": "&gt;" }[c]));
   const html = `<!doctype html><meta charset="utf-8"><body style="margin:0;height:100vh;display:grid;
     place-items:center;background:${BG};color:#e6edf3;font:14px -apple-system,sans-serif">
-    <div style="max-width:560px;padding:32px;line-height:1.5"><h2>Frame Control couldn't start</h2>
-    <p>${esc(message)}</p><p style="color:#8b98a8">Fix it, then choose Frame → Restart Server.</p></div>`;
+    <div style="max-width:560px;padding:32px;line-height:1.5"><h2>${esc(title)}</h2>
+    <p>${esc(message)}</p>
+    <p><button onclick="this.disabled = true; frameApp.restartServer()" style="font:inherit;padding:6px 16px;
+      border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #30363d;background:#21262d;color:inherit;cursor:pointer">Try Again</button></p>
+    <p style="color:#8b98a8">Frame → Restart Server does the same.</p></div>`;
   return "data:text/html;charset=utf-8," + encodeURIComponent(html);
 }
 
+// A server that had been running starts again by itself (something stopped it: a
+// signal, a crash). One that stops again within a minute shows the error instead,
+// so a server that can't stay up doesn't restart forever.
+let serverStarted = 0;
 function serverDied(why) {
   url = null;
-  if (win) win.loadURL(errorPage(`The server stopped unexpectedly (${why}). See ${LOG}.`));
+  if (!win) return;
+  if (Date.now() - serverStarted > 60000) restartServer();
+  else win.loadURL(errorPage(`Its server stopped unexpectedly (${why}). See ${LOG}.`, "Frame Control stopped"));
 }
 
 // Restarts that overlap share one: two could each start a server, and the one
@@ -263,7 +272,20 @@ function fromUi(e) {
   } catch { return false; }
 }
 
+// The error page's Try Again button. The error page is the only data: page the window
+// shows (`url` can still be set then: the server answered but the page failed to load).
+ipcMain.handle("server:restart", (e) => {
+  if (win && e.sender === win.webContents && e.senderFrame && e.senderFrame.url.startsWith("data:")) restartServer();
+});
 ipcMain.handle("clipboard:read", (e) => fromUi(e) ? clipboard.readText() : "");
+// A PNG or JPEG (a screenshot) onto the clipboard as an image.
+ipcMain.handle("clipboard:writeImage", (e, bytes) => {
+  if (!fromUi(e) || !(bytes instanceof Uint8Array)) return false;
+  const img = nativeImage.createFromBuffer(Buffer.from(bytes));
+  if (img.isEmpty()) throw new Error("not an image");
+  clipboard.writeImage(img);
+  return true;
+});
 ipcMain.handle("connection:setup", (e) => { if (fromUi(e)) setUpConnection(); });
 ipcMain.on("keys:capture", (e, on) => { if (fromUi(e)) win.webContents.setIgnoreMenuShortcuts(on === true); });
 ipcMain.handle("update:get", (e) => fromUi(e) ? publicUpdate() : null);

app/preload.js

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 // to the Frame needs no pbpaste, PowerShell, xclip or wl-clipboard. Also tells
 // the page where a dropped file or folder lives, so a folder can be sideloaded
 // as a title without zipping it (the local server reads it from there).
-// It can open Set Up Connection when the headset can't be reached, and keeps the
-// Frame menu's list of headsets up to date.
+// It can put a screenshot on the clipboard as an image, open Set Up Connection when
+// the headset can't be reached, and keeps the Frame menu's list of headsets up to date.
 // It also receives frame-control://install links (docs/web-install.md): only
 // what the link asked for, never an install; the page asks the user first.
 // And it passes update state both ways: see app/updater.js.
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer, webUtils } = require("electron");
 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld("frameApp", {
   notify: (message, request) => ipcRenderer.invoke("comfort:notify", message, request),
   readClipboard: () => ipcRenderer.invoke("clipboard:read"),
+  writeImage: (bytes) => ipcRenderer.invoke("clipboard:writeImage", bytes),
   setUpConnection: () => ipcRenderer.invoke("connection:setup"),
+  restartServer: () => ipcRenderer.invoke("server:restart"),  // the "couldn't start" page's Try Again
   // The Frame menu's headset switcher: the page tells it the headsets, and hears picks.
   devicesChanged: (list) => ipcRenderer.send("devices:changed", list),
   onUseDevice: (cb) => {

docs/frame-control.md

@@ -88,8 +88,13 @@ counts them while they run.
   name your networks, and switch headsets. See [devices.md](devices.md).
 - **One-click tools**: SSH or SFTP in a terminal window, Steam Link, and remote
   desktop (Windows App on macOS, Remote Desktop on Windows, Remmina or FreeRDP on
-  Linux). Sleep, restart and shut down open a terminal window because SteamOS
-  asks for the sudo password over SSH.
+  Linux). Remote desktop first checks that the Frame's xrdp answers on port
+  3389 (Developer Mode turns it on). On Windows it opens a connection file for
+  user `steamos`, because `mstsc /v:` alone offers your Windows account, which
+  xrdp turns away. Accept the warning about the Frame's own certificate, then
+  sign in with the Developer Mode password. Sleep, restart and
+  shut down open a terminal window because SteamOS asks for the sudo password
+  over SSH.
 
 ## How it works
 

docs/streaming.md

@@ -25,6 +25,20 @@ The confidence labels are the same as in [ssh.md](ssh.md).
 documents it. Use Windows App (RDP) when you want a proper Linux desktop on the
 Mac with keyboard, mouse, and clipboard.
 
+**Verified 2026-09-30** (Frame BUILD_ID 20260925.6191901, Windows 11 25H2,
+Remote Desktop Connection): signing in to xrdp as `steamos` with the Developer
+Mode password opens a Plasma (X11) desktop within about 6 seconds.
+
+- xrdp has no NLA, so the client shows a certificate warning (xrdp's own
+  `www.xrdp.org` certificate) and then xrdp's own login box. Frame Control
+  fills in `steamos` there on Windows, Remmina and FreeRDP.
+- The desktop is a separate login session (Xorg on display `:10`), not the
+  headset's view. It uses about 1.3 GB of the Frame's memory.
+- Closing the client leaves the session running, and the next login
+  reconnects to it. To end it over SSH, find it with `loginctl list-sessions`
+  and run `loginctl terminate-session <id>`. That doesn't touch the headset's
+  gamescope or SteamVR session.
+
 ## B. Show the Mac's desktop inside the Frame
 
 The Frame's VR streaming uses **SteamVR** on the host. Linux hosts had

tests/test_devices.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
 sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "ui"))
 
 import frame_devices as fd  # noqa: E402
+import frame_host  # noqa: E402
 
 CONFIG = """Host lxso1
   HostName 192.168.1.109
@@ -274,7 +275,8 @@ class Pins(Base):
     def test_hashed_and_non_default_port_entries(self):
         kh = self.ssh / "known_hosts"
         kh.write_text(f"[frame.local]:2222 {KEY}\n")
-        subprocess.run(["ssh-keygen", "-H", "-f", str(kh)], capture_output=True, check=True)
+        frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh-keygen", "-H", "-f", str(kh)], capture_output=True,
+                           stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=True, timeout=10)
         self.assertFalse(fd.seed_pin("d3", ["frame.local"]))  # port 22: not that entry
         self.assertTrue(fd.seed_pin("d3", ["frame.local"], port=2222))
         self.assertIn(f"frame-control-d3 {KEY}", fd.known_hosts("d3").read_text())
@@ -283,7 +285,8 @@ class Pins(Base):
         target = fd.known_hosts("d4")
         target.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         target.write_text(f"frame-control-d4 {KEY}\n")
-        subprocess.run(["ssh-keygen", "-H", "-f", str(target)], capture_output=True, check=True)
+        frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh-keygen", "-H", "-f", str(target)], capture_output=True,
+                           stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=True, timeout=10)
         self.assertNotIn("frame-control-d4", target.read_text())
         self.assertTrue(fd.pinned("d4"))
         self.assertTrue(fd.forget_pin("d4"))

tests/test_frame_android_data.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class ObbTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(android.FrameError, 'start this app'):
                     data.install_obb(PKG, [path])
                 stream.assert_not_called()
-            with patch.object(subprocess, 'run', return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 1, b'', b'bad hash')):
+            with patch.object(data.frame_host, 'run_ssh', return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 1, b'', b'bad hash')):
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(android.FrameError, 'bad hash'):
                     data._stream('command')
 

tests/test_frame_host.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""Captured OpenSSH output keeps working on Windows and POSIX hosts."""
+import sandbox  # noqa: F401
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "ui"))
+import frame_host
+
+
+class CapturedSSH(unittest.TestCase):
+    def run_command(self, source, **kwargs):
+        with mock.patch.object(frame_host, "WINDOWS", True):
+            return frame_host.run_ssh([sys.executable, "-c", source], timeout=5, **kwargs)
+
+    def test_binary_output_and_input(self):
+        result = self.run_command("import sys; sys.stdout.buffer.write(sys.stdin.buffer.read()); "
+                                  "sys.stderr.buffer.write(b'error\\r\\n')",
+                                  capture_output=True, input=b"data\x00\xff")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stdout, b"data\x00\xff")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stderr, b"error\r\n")
+
+    def test_text_output_normalizes_newlines(self):
+        result = self.run_command("import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read()); "
+                                  "sys.stderr.buffer.write(b'first\\r\\nsecond\\rthird\\n')",
+                                  capture_output=True, input="hello\n", text=True)
+        self.assertEqual(result.stdout, "hello\n")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stderr, "first\nsecond\nthird\n")
+
+    def test_explicit_encoding_and_errors(self):
+        result = self.run_command("import sys; sys.stderr.buffer.write(b'\\xe9\\xff')",
+                                  capture_output=True, encoding="ascii", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stderr, "\ufffd\ufffd")
+
+    def test_check_preserves_error_output(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as caught:
+            self.run_command("import sys; print('out'); print('err', file=sys.stderr); sys.exit(7)",
+                             capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.returncode, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.stdout, "out\n")
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.stderr, "err\n")
+
+    def test_timeout_preserves_partial_stderr(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as caught:
+            with mock.patch.object(frame_host, "WINDOWS", True):
+                frame_host.run_ssh([sys.executable, "-c", "import sys, time; "
+                                    "sys.stderr.write('waiting'); sys.stderr.flush(); time.sleep(10)"],
+                                   capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=1)
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.stderr, b"waiting")
+
+    def test_streamed_stdout_is_kept_separate(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as output:
+            result = self.run_command("import sys; sys.stdout.buffer.write(b'file'); "
+                                      "sys.stderr.buffer.write(b'error')",
+                                      stdout=output, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            output.seek(0)
+            self.assertEqual(output.read(), b"file")
+        self.assertIsNone(result.stdout)
+        self.assertEqual(result.stderr, b"error")
+
+    def test_uncaptured_windows_call_is_unchanged(self):
+        with mock.patch.object(frame_host, "WINDOWS", True), mock.patch.object(subprocess, "run") as run:
+            frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh", "-V"], stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=5)
+        run.assert_called_once_with(["ssh", "-V"], stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=5)
+
+    def test_posix_call_is_unchanged(self):
+        with mock.patch.object(frame_host, "WINDOWS", False), mock.patch.object(subprocess, "run") as run:
+            frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh", "-V"], capture_output=True, check=True, timeout=5)
+        run.assert_called_once_with(["ssh", "-V"], capture_output=True, check=True, timeout=5)
+
+    def test_capture_rejects_explicit_streams(self):
+        for stream in ("stdout", "stderr"):
+            with self.subTest(stream=stream), self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                self.run_command("", capture_output=True, **{stream: subprocess.DEVNULL})
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(shutil.which("ssh"), "needs OpenSSH")
+    def test_real_ssh_failure_returns_stderr_without_hanging(self):
+        result = frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh", "-F", os.devnull, "-o", "BatchMode=yes",
+                                    "-o", "ConnectTimeout=2", "frame-control-test.invalid", "true"],
+                                   capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=5)
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 255)
+        self.assertIn("Could not resolve hostname", result.stderr)

tests/test_rdp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""Remote desktop to the Frame (frame_host.open_rdp) on each computer, with the client
+launch stubbed and a real socket standing in for the Frame's xrdp. Also the server
+staying quiet when the page goes away mid-reply, which on Windows is
+ConnectionAbortedError (WinError 10053).
+
+Run: python3 -m unittest discover -s tests
+"""
+import sandbox  # noqa: F401  (first: keeps tests off real data and services)
+import email.message
+import io
+import socket
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "ui"))
+
+import frame_host  # noqa: E402
+import server  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def platform(name):
+    """Patches frame_host to behave as on `name` ("mac", "windows" or "linux")."""
+    return mock.patch.multiple(frame_host, MAC=name == "mac", WINDOWS=name == "windows",
+                               LINUX=name == "linux")
+
+
+class OpenRdp(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.xrdp = socket.socket()
+        self.xrdp.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+        self.xrdp.listen(4)
+        self.addCleanup(self.xrdp.close)
+        port = mock.patch.object(frame_host, "RDP_PORT", self.xrdp.getsockname()[1])
+        port.start()
+        self.addCleanup(port.stop)
+        self.spawned = []
+        spawn = mock.patch.object(frame_host, "_spawn", self.spawned.append)
+        spawn.start()
+        self.addCleanup(spawn.stop)
+        cache = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.addCleanup(cache.cleanup)
+        self.cache = Path(cache.name)
+        where = mock.patch.object(frame_host, "cache_dir", lambda *p: self.cache.joinpath(*p))
+        where.start()
+        self.addCleanup(where.stop)
+
+    def test_windows_signs_in_as_steamos(self):
+        # The report: mstsc /v:HOST alone offers the Windows account, which xrdp rejects.
+        with platform("windows"):
+            message = frame_host.open_rdp("frame", "127.0.0.1")
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.spawned), 1)
+        argv = self.spawned[0]
+        self.assertEqual(argv[0], "mstsc.exe")
+        self.assertNotIn("/v:127.0.0.1", argv)
+        rdp = Path(argv[1])
+        self.assertEqual(rdp.suffix, ".rdp")
+        data = rdp.read_bytes()  # CRLF lines, as mstsc writes them, however this OS ends lines
+        self.assertNotIn(b"\r\r", data)
+        lines = data.decode("utf-8").split("\r\n")
+        self.assertIn("full address:s:127.0.0.1", lines)
+        self.assertIn("username:s:steamos", lines)
+        self.assertIn("steamos", message)
+        self.assertIn("Developer Mode password", message)
+        self.assertIn("certificate", message)
+        self.assertIn("Connect", message)
+
+    def test_nothing_listening_says_why_and_opens_nothing(self):
+        self.xrdp.close()
+        for name in ("windows", "mac", "linux"):
+            with self.subTest(name), platform(name), self.assertRaises(frame_host.Unreachable) as cm:
+                frame_host.open_rdp("frame", "127.0.0.1")
+            self.assertIn("Developer Mode", str(cm.exception))
+            self.assertIn(f"port {frame_host.RDP_PORT} refused", str(cm.exception))
+        self.assertEqual(self.spawned, [])
+
+    def test_says_which_way_it_failed(self):
+        # Only a refused port says xrdp is off; a wrong address or a silent network say so instead.
+        for error, says in ((socket.gaierror(8, "nodename nor servname provided"), "Devices tab"),
+                            (socket.timeout("timed out"), "didn't answer"),
+                            (OSError(65, "No route to host"), "didn't answer")):
+            with self.subTest(says), mock.patch.object(frame_host.socket, "create_connection", side_effect=error), \
+                    platform("windows"), self.assertRaises(frame_host.Unreachable) as cm:
+                frame_host.open_rdp("frame", "frame.local")
+            self.assertIn(says, str(cm.exception))
+            self.assertNotIn("refused", str(cm.exception))
+        self.assertEqual(self.spawned, [])
+
+    def test_server_says_it_as_the_persons_to_fix(self):
+        # A 400 with the message, not a 500 filed as an error diagnostic.
+        self.xrdp.close()
+        with mock.patch.multiple(server, LOCAL=False, LINK=None, HOST_OPTS=["-o", "HostName=127.0.0.1"]), \
+                self.assertRaises(server.Failure) as cm:
+            server.open_thing({"what": "rdp"})
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.status, 400)
+        self.assertIn("Developer Mode", str(cm.exception))
+
+    def test_one_file_per_address(self):
+        with platform("windows"):
+            a, b = frame_host.rdp_file("192.168.1.5"), frame_host.rdp_file("fe80::1%eth0")
+            c, d = frame_host.rdp_file("fe80::1%2"), frame_host.rdp_file("fe80::1:2")
+        self.assertEqual(len({a, b, c, d}), 4)
+        self.assertIn(b"full address:s:192.168.1.5\r\n", a.read_bytes())
+        self.assertIn(b"full address:s:fe80::1%eth0\r\n", b.read_bytes())
+
+    def test_address_cant_add_lines_to_the_file(self):
+        with platform("windows"), self.assertRaises(frame_host.HostError):
+            frame_host.rdp_file("frame\r\nusername:s:root")
+        self.assertEqual(list(self.cache.iterdir()), [])
+
+    def test_linux_clients_get_the_user(self):
+        with platform("linux"), mock.patch.object(frame_host, "which",
+                                                  lambda n, *e: "/usr/bin/xfreerdp" if n == "xfreerdp" else None):
+            message = frame_host.open_rdp("frame", "127.0.0.1")
+        self.assertEqual(self.spawned, [["xfreerdp", "/v:127.0.0.1", "/u:steamos", "/dynamic-resolution"]])
+        self.assertIn("steamos", message)
+
+
+class PageGoneAway(unittest.TestCase):
+    """The report's server log: the page closed while index.html was being sent, and the
+    server logged it as a 500, tried to answer anyway, and filed an error diagnostic."""
+
+    def handler(self, path="/"):
+        h = server.Handler.__new__(server.Handler)
+        h.command, h.path, h.request_version = "GET", path, "HTTP/1.1"
+        h.requestline, h.client_address = f"GET {path} HTTP/1.1", ("127.0.0.1", 1)
+        h.headers = email.message.Message()
+        h.headers["Host"] = "127.0.0.1:1"
+        h.wfile = mock.Mock(write=mock.Mock(side_effect=ConnectionAbortedError(10053, "aborted")))
+        h.close_connection = True
+        return h
+
+    def test_not_a_server_error(self):
+        h = self.handler()
+        with mock.patch.object(server.frame_telemetry, "diagnostic") as diagnostic, \
+                mock.patch.object(sys, "stderr", io.StringIO()), self.assertRaises(server.ClientGone):
+            h.do_GET()
+        diagnostic.assert_not_called()
+        self.assertEqual(h.wfile.write.call_count, 1)  # no second, 500 reply
+
+    def test_server_logs_nothing(self):
+        srv = server.LoopbackServer.__new__(server.LoopbackServer)
+        err = io.StringIO()
+        with mock.patch.object(sys, "stderr", err):
+            try:
+                raise server.ClientGone()
+            except server.ClientGone:
+                srv.handle_error(None, ("127.0.0.1", 1))
+            self.assertEqual(err.getvalue(), "")
+            try:
+                raise RuntimeError("real")
+            except RuntimeError:
+                srv.handle_error(None, ("127.0.0.1", 1))
+        self.assertIn("RuntimeError: real", err.getvalue())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/test_server.py

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ class ServerGuards(unittest.TestCase):
             ("/api/volume", {"level": 1.5}),
             ("/api/clipboard", {"text": ""}),
             ("/api/open", {"what": "anything-else"}),
+            ("/api/open", {"what": "shot", "id": "1/250820/../../.ssh/id_ed25519"}),
+            ("/api/open", {"what": "shot"}),
             ("/api/shots/save", {"ids": []}),
             ("/api/shots/save", {"ids": "1/250820/20260925225208_1.jpg"}),
             ("/api/shots/save", {"ids": [1]}),
@@ -121,6 +123,10 @@ class ServerGuards(unittest.TestCase):
             status, payload = self.post(path, body)
             self.assertEqual(status, 400, f"{path} {body} -> {payload}")
 
+    def test_showing_a_shot_needs_it_saved_here(self):
+        status, payload = self.post("/api/open", {"what": "shot", "id": "1/250820/19990101000000_1.jpg"})
+        self.assertEqual(status, 404, payload)
+
     def test_screenshot_ids_checked_before_ssh(self):
         for shot in ("../../etc/passwd", "1/250820/x.jpg", "1/2/20260925225208_1.jpg;id", "1/250820/20260925225208_1.gif"):
             status, _, _ = self.request("GET", f"/api/shots/image?id={quote(shot)}", headers={"X-Frame-UI": "1"})
@@ -279,6 +285,18 @@ class OneServer(unittest.TestCase):
         r = conn.getresponse()
         self.assertEqual(r.status, 403, r.read())
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == "nt", "no SIGTERM on Windows")
+    def test_sigterm_while_the_app_holds_stdin_exits_cleanly(self):
+        """The app keeps stdin open; a stop signal used to abort Python (SIGABRT) at exit."""
+        env = {**os.environ, "FRAME_CONTROL_DATA_DIR": tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="frame-one-server-"),
+               "FRAME_ALIAS": "frame-control-test.invalid"}
+        proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, str(ROOT / "ui" / "server.py"), "--port", "0", "--exit-on-eof"],
+                                env=env, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
+        self.addCleanup(lambda: (proc.stdin.close(), proc.stdout.close()))
+        self.assertIn("Frame Control on", proc.stdout.readline())
+        proc.terminate()
+        self.assertEqual(proc.wait(30), 0, proc.stdout.read())
+
 
 class ArtworkSettings(unittest.TestCase):
     """The settings panel's endpoints, with and without the page's X-Frame-UI key."""

ui/frame_android.py

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ def ssh(cmd, input=None, timeout=120):
     try:
         # No inherited stdin (see server.ssh): Windows' ssh.exe would wait on it.
         feed = {'input': input} if input is not None else {'stdin': subprocess.DEVNULL}
-        p = subprocess.run(['ssh', *SSH_OPTS, FRAME, cmd], capture_output=True, **feed,
-                           timeout=timeout, text=isinstance(input, str) or input is None)
+        p = frame_host.run_ssh(['ssh', *SSH_OPTS, FRAME, cmd], capture_output=True, **feed,
+                               timeout=timeout, text=isinstance(input, str) or input is None)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         raise FrameError(f'timed out talking to {FRAME}')
     if p.returncode != 0:
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def _copy(src, dest, executable=False, timeout=600):
     else:
         cmd = ['scp', *SSH_OPTS, src, f'{FRAME}:{dest}']
     try:
-        subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=timeout)
+        frame_host.run_ssh(cmd, check=True, capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=timeout)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         raise FrameError(f'copying {name} to the Frame timed out')
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:

ui/frame_android_data.py

@@ -11,16 +11,17 @@ import tempfile
 import uuid
 
 import frame_android as android
+import frame_host
 
 REMOTE = Path(android.ROOT) / 'frame/android/app-data.py'
 
 
 def _stream(command, src=None, dst=None):
     try:
-        result = subprocess.run(['ssh', *android.SSH_OPTS, android.FRAME, command],
-                                stdin=src if src else subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                                stdout=dst if dst else subprocess.PIPE,
-                                stderr=subprocess.PIPE, timeout=1800)
+        result = frame_host.run_ssh(['ssh', *android.SSH_OPTS, android.FRAME, command],
+                                    stdin=src if src else subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                                    stdout=dst if dst else subprocess.PIPE,
+                                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE, timeout=1800)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         raise android.FrameError('app-data transfer timed out')
     except OSError as error:

ui/frame_connect.py

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import urllib.error
 import urllib.request
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import frame_host
+
 FRAME_USER = os.environ.get("FRAME_USER", "steamos")
 USER_FROM_ENV = "FRAME_USER" in os.environ
 FRAME_ALIAS = os.environ.get("FRAME_ALIAS", "frame")
@@ -349,9 +351,9 @@ def _write_config(host, port, user):
 
 def key_login_works():
     # accept-new: trust a first-seen host key (as the copy step does); a changed one still fails.
-    return subprocess.run(["ssh", "-o", "BatchMode=yes", "-o", "ConnectTimeout=5",
-                           "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new", FRAME_ALIAS, "true"],
-                          capture_output=True).returncode == 0
+    return frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh", "-o", "BatchMode=yes", "-o", "ConnectTimeout=5",
+                               "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new", FRAME_ALIAS, "true"],
+                              capture_output=True).returncode == 0
 
 
 def configured_user():

ui/frame_devices.py

@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ def remove_block(alias, path=None):
 def effective_port(alias, config):
     """The port ssh uses for ALIAS with this config file (`ssh -F FILE -G ALIAS`), else 22."""
     try:
-        out = subprocess.run(["ssh", "-F", str(config), "-G", alias], capture_output=True, text=True,
-                             stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=10).stdout
+        out = frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh", "-F", str(config), "-G", alias], capture_output=True, text=True,
+                                 stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=10).stdout
     except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
         return 22
     m = re.search(r"^port (\d+)$", out, re.M)
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ def effective_port(alias, config):
 
 def _keygen(*args):
     try:
-        return subprocess.run(["ssh-keygen", *args], capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True,
-                              timeout=10)
+        return frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh-keygen", *args], capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True,
+                                  timeout=10)
     except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
         return None
 

ui/frame_host.py

@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ Everything here runs on your computer, not the Frame. Python stdlib only.
 CLI (used by the Electron app, so terminal handling lives in one place):
   python3 ui/frame_host.py terminal -- CMD [ARG...]   # open CMD in a terminal window
 """
+import hashlib
+import io
 import os
 import shlex
 import shutil
+import socket
 import ssl
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 
 MAC = sys.platform == "darwin"
@@ -32,6 +36,45 @@ class HostError(RuntimeError):
     pass
 
 
+class Unreachable(HostError):
+    """The Frame, or a service on it, didn't answer: the person's to sort out, not a fault here."""
+
+
+def run_ssh(argv, **kwargs):
+    """Run an OpenSSH tool without Windows' redirected-stderr pipe hang.
+
+    A real temporary file avoids OpenSSH's blocked asynchronous stderr writes,
+    while keeping subprocess.run's captured output, text, check and timeout API.
+    """
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return subprocess.run(argv, **kwargs)
+    if kwargs.pop("capture_output", False):
+        if kwargs.get("stdout") is not None or kwargs.get("stderr") is not None:
+            raise ValueError("stdout and stderr arguments may not be used with capture_output")
+        kwargs.update(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    if kwargs.get("stderr") != subprocess.PIPE:
+        return subprocess.run(argv, **kwargs)
+    check = kwargs.pop("check", False)
+    text = any(kwargs.get(key) for key in ("text", "universal_newlines", "encoding", "errors"))
+    with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as stderr:
+        kwargs["stderr"] = stderr
+        try:
+            result = subprocess.run(argv, **kwargs)
+        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as error:
+            stderr.seek(0)
+            error.stderr = stderr.read()
+            raise
+        stderr.seek(0)
+        if text:
+            with io.TextIOWrapper(stderr, encoding=kwargs.get("encoding"), errors=kwargs.get("errors")) as reader:
+                result.stderr = reader.read()
+        else:
+            result.stderr = stderr.read()
+    if check:
+        result.check_returncode()
+    return result
+
+
 def data_dir(*parts):
     """Per-user app data: ~/Library/Application Support, %APPDATA% or $XDG_DATA_HOME
     (or $FRAME_CONTROL_DATA_DIR, which the tests point at a throwaway directory)."""
@@ -153,6 +196,19 @@ def open_path(path):
                      stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, **DETACHED)
 
 
+def reveal_path(path):
+    """Show a file selected in its folder (Linux file managers vary, so there the folder opens)."""
+    path = Path(path)
+    if MAC:
+        cmd = ["open", "-R", str(path)]
+    elif WINDOWS:
+        cmd = f'explorer /select,"{path}"'  # as one string: Explorer wants the quotes after the comma
+    else:
+        return open_path(path.parent)
+    subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                     stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, **DETACHED)
+
+
 open_url = open_path  # the same openers hand URLs to the default browser
 
 
@@ -231,7 +287,7 @@ def clipboard_text():
 def ssh_hostname(alias):
     """The real host name an ssh alias points at (`ssh -G`), for non-SSH clients like RDP."""
     try:
-        out = subprocess.run(["ssh", "-G", alias], capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=10).stdout
+        out = run_ssh(["ssh", "-G", alias], capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=10).stdout
     except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
         return alias
     for line in out.splitlines():
@@ -264,24 +320,65 @@ def open_steam_link():
     return "Steam Link isn't installed; opened its download page"
 
 
+RDP_PORT = 3389
+RDP_USER = "steamos"  # xrdp signs in with the Developer Mode password, not this computer's
+# xrdp's certificate is its own, so every client warns about it first.
+RDP_LOGIN = (f"accept the warning about the Frame's certificate, then sign in as {RDP_USER} "
+             "with your Developer Mode password")
+
+
+def check_rdp(host, timeout=3):
+    """Raise Unreachable, saying why, unless the Frame's RDP port takes a connection."""
+    try:
+        with socket.create_connection((host, RDP_PORT), timeout=timeout):
+            return
+    except ConnectionRefusedError:
+        raise Unreachable(f"The Frame at {host} is on but isn't accepting remote desktop (port {RDP_PORT} "
+                          "refused). Turn on Developer Mode in Steam Settings > System on the headset, "
+                          "then restart it and try again.") from None
+    except socket.gaierror:
+        raise Unreachable(f"Can't find {host} on the network for remote desktop. Check the headset's "
+                          "address on the Devices tab.") from None
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise Unreachable(f"The Frame didn't answer remote desktop at {host} ({e}). It may be asleep, "
+                          "switched off or on another network; if it's on, check Developer Mode is on "
+                          "in Steam Settings > System.") from None
+
+
+def rdp_file(host):
+    """A Remote Desktop connection file for the Frame. mstsc /v: alone offers this
+    computer's Windows account, which xrdp turns away; the file names steamos instead."""
+    if any(c in host for c in "\r\n"):
+        raise HostError("That headset address can't be used for remote desktop")
+    # One file per address, so two launches close together can't swap headsets.
+    path = cache_dir(f"frame-{hashlib.sha256(host.encode()).hexdigest()[:16]}.rdp")
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\r\n") as f:  # Path.write_text(newline=) is 3.10+
+        f.write(f"full address:s:{host}\nusername:s:{RDP_USER}\n")
+    return path
+
+
 def open_rdp(alias, host=None):
     """Remote desktop to the Frame's xrdp (user steamos), at `host` or where the alias points."""
     host = host or ssh_hostname(alias)
+    # The client would open either way and then fail on its own, with nothing said here.
+    check_rdp(host)
     if MAC:
         if subprocess.run(["open", "-a", "Windows App"], capture_output=True).returncode == 0:
-            return "Opened Windows App"
+            return f"Opened Windows App: connect to {host} and {RDP_LOGIN}"
         open_url("https://apps.apple.com/app/windows-app/id1295203466")
         return "Windows App isn't installed; opened its App Store page"
     if WINDOWS:
-        _spawn(["mstsc.exe", f"/v:{host}"])
-        return f"Opened Remote Desktop to {host}"
+        _spawn(["mstsc.exe", str(rdp_file(host))])
+        # Windows asks about the unsigned connection file first.
+        return f"Opened Remote Desktop to {host}: choose Connect, {RDP_LOGIN}"
     if which("remmina"):
-        _spawn(["remmina", "-c", f"rdp://steamos@{host}"])
-        return f"Opened Remmina to {host}"
+        _spawn(["remmina", "-c", f"rdp://{RDP_USER}@{host}"])
+        return f"Opened Remmina to {host}: {RDP_LOGIN}"
     for name in ("xfreerdp3", "xfreerdp"):
         if which(name):
-            _spawn([name, f"/v:{host}", "/u:steamos", "/dynamic-resolution"])
-            return f"Opened FreeRDP to {host}"
+            _spawn([name, f"/v:{host}", f"/u:{RDP_USER}", "/dynamic-resolution"])
+            return f"Opened FreeRDP to {host}: {RDP_LOGIN}"
     raise HostError("No RDP client found: install Remmina or FreeRDP")
 
 

ui/frame_link.py

@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ def ssh_g(alias):
     """(hostname, port, user, proxied) from `ssh -G ALIAS`, for a headset that's only an
     ssh alias. proxied: it goes through ProxyJump or ProxyCommand, so only ssh can reach it."""
     try:
-        out = subprocess.run(["ssh", "-G", alias], capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True,
-                             timeout=10).stdout
+        out = frame_host.run_ssh(["ssh", "-G", alias], capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True,
+                                 timeout=10).stdout
     except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
         out = ""
     got = {}
@@ -765,8 +765,8 @@ class Link:
         if not self.control:
             return False
         try:
-            return subprocess.run([*self.mux_base, *opts, "-O", "check", alias or self.alias], capture_output=True,
-                                  stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=5).returncode == 0
+            return frame_host.run_ssh([*self.mux_base, *opts, "-O", "check", alias or self.alias], capture_output=True,
+                                      stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=5).returncode == 0
         except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
             return False
 
@@ -777,8 +777,8 @@ class Link:
             pending.kill()
         if self.control and self.alias:
             try:
-                subprocess.run([*self.mux_base, *self.opts, "-O", "exit", self.alias], capture_output=True,
-                               stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=5)
+                frame_host.run_ssh([*self.mux_base, *self.opts, "-O", "exit", self.alias], capture_output=True,
+                                   stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=5)
             except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                 pass
         if proc and proc.poll() is None:
@@ -983,8 +983,8 @@ class Link:
                     *self.host_opts(device, ssh_target(a["host"], res.get("ip"))),
                     "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=yes", device["alias"], "true"]
             try:
-                r = subprocess.run(argv, capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True,
-                                   errors="replace", timeout=20)
+                r = frame_host.run_ssh(argv, capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True,
+                                       errors="replace", timeout=20)
                 err = r.stderr.strip()
                 if r.returncode == 0:
                     rows[i].update(ssh="ok", detail=f"{lead} · SSH works")

ui/index.html

@@ -258,7 +258,12 @@
   .shot-card .row { flex-wrap: nowrap; }
   .shot-card .grow { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
   .shot-card .t { color: var(--bright); font-size: 13px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
-  .shot-card .s { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
+  .shot-card .s { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
+  .ctx-menu { position: fixed; z-index: 1000; min-width: 200px; padding: 4px; border-radius: 4px; background: #232c38;
+              box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.6), 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
+  .ctx-menu button { display: block; width: 100%; height: 30px; padding: 0 10px; text-align: left; background: none; }
+  .ctx-menu button:hover, .ctx-menu button:focus-visible { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; outline: none; }
+  .ctx-menu hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); margin: 4px 2px; }
 
   /* ---- library shelf (portrait capsules, like Steam's library home) ---- */
   .shelf { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
@@ -717,6 +722,7 @@
           <button class="action" id="shotBtn">Capture</button>
           <button id="liveBtn" title="Keep updating, as video">Live</button>
           <button id="ctrlBtn" title="Control the Frame by tapping or clicking on the view (C)">Control</button>
+          <button id="copyBtn" disabled title="Copy the image to the clipboard (or right-click it)">Copy</button>
           <button id="saveBtn" disabled>Save</button>
         </span>
       </div>
@@ -883,7 +889,7 @@
       <button class="action small" id="shotsSaveNew" disabled>Save new to this computer</button>
     </div>
     <div class="shot-grid" id="shotGrid"><div class="sub">Loading…</div></div>
-    <div class="hint">Screenshots you take in the headset with Steam's screenshot shortcut. Click one to open it in the viewer; Save copies it to <code>~/Pictures/SteamFrame</code>.</div>
+    <div class="hint">Screenshots you take in the headset with Steam's screenshot shortcut. New ones appear on their own. Click one to open it in the viewer, Copy puts it on the clipboard, and Save copies it to <code>~/Pictures/SteamFrame</code>. Right-click for more.</div>
   </section>
   </div>
 
@@ -1898,7 +1904,7 @@ async function capture() {
     if (source === "panel") $("srcBadge").textContent = `Desktop · ${shotPanel?.name || "panel"}`;
     ctrlShow();
     $("stamp").hidden = false; $("stamp").textContent = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
-    $("saveBtn").disabled = false;
+    $("saveBtn").disabled = $("copyBtn").disabled = false;
     return true;
   } catch (e) {
     log("Capture failed: " + e.message, "e");
@@ -1980,7 +1986,7 @@ async function startVideo() {
         $("viewer").classList.remove("busy");
         c.hidden = false; $("viewerEmpty").hidden = true; $("zoombar").hidden = false; $("asleep").hidden = true;
         $("srcBadge").hidden = false; $("srcBadge").textContent = `${video.label} · video`;
-        $("stamp").hidden = false; $("saveBtn").disabled = false;
+        $("stamp").hidden = false; $("saveBtn").disabled = $("copyBtn").disabled = false;
       }
       frames++;
       const now = performance.now();
@@ -2049,6 +2055,35 @@ $("saveBtn").onclick = () => lastShot ? download(lastShot.blob, lastShot.file) :
   if (!b) return toast("Couldn't encode the image", true);
   download(b, `frame-${view}-${new Date().toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-")}.png`);
 }, "image/png");
+const copyViewer = () => act("Copy image", () => copyImage(lastShot ? lastShot.blob
+  : new Promise((ok, bad) => $("canvas").toBlob(b => b ? ok(b) : bad(new Error("couldn't encode the image")), "image/png"))));
+$("copyBtn").onclick = copyViewer;
+// Right-click the viewer to copy or save what it shows (in Control, a right-click goes to the Frame).
+$("canvas").oncontextmenu = e => {
+  if (ctrl.on || $("saveBtn").disabled) return;
+  e.preventDefault();
+  showMenu(e, [["Copy image", copyViewer], ["Save image", () => $("saveBtn").click()]]);
+};
+// An image onto the clipboard. The app does it natively (JPEG too); a browser
+// takes PNG only, and the blob is handed over as a promise so the click still counts.
+async function copyImage(blob) {
+  if (window.frameApp?.writeImage) {
+    if (!await window.frameApp.writeImage(new Uint8Array(await (await blob).arrayBuffer()))) throw new Error("the app refused the image");
+    return { message: "Copied the image" };
+  }
+  if (!navigator.clipboard?.write || !window.ClipboardItem) throw new Error("This browser can't copy images here");
+  await navigator.clipboard.write([new ClipboardItem({ "image/png": Promise.resolve(blob).then(pngBlob) })]);
+  return { message: "Copied the image" };
+}
+async function pngBlob(blob) {
+  if (blob.type === "image/png") return blob;
+  const bmp = await createImageBitmap(blob);
+  const c = document.createElement("canvas");
+  c.width = bmp.width; c.height = bmp.height;
+  c.getContext("2d").drawImage(bmp, 0, 0);
+  bmp.close();
+  return new Promise((ok, bad) => c.toBlob(b => b ? ok(b) : bad(new Error("couldn't encode the image")), "image/png"));
+}
 function download(blob, name) {
   if (savesToDevice()) return act("Save image", () => saveToDevice([{ blob, name }]));
   const a = document.createElement("a");
@@ -3526,8 +3561,11 @@ loadReports();
 api("/api/host").then(applyHostWording).catch(() => {});
 
 // ---- Steam screenshots from the headset ----
-const shots = { list: [], urls: [] };
+// thumbs: id -> promise of an object URL, kept across reloads so a refresh
+// that finds a new shot fetches only that one's thumbnail.
+const shots = { list: [], sig: null, thumbs: new Map(), loading: null, gen: 0, fill: 0 };
 const STEAMVR_APPID = "250820";
+const SHOTS_POLL_MS = 8000;
 function shotApp(appid) {
   if (appid === STEAMVR_APPID) return "SteamVR";
   const g = state?.games?.find(x => x.appid === appid);
@@ -3539,35 +3577,85 @@ async function shotBlob(id, thumb) {
   if (!r.ok) throw new Error((await r.json().catch(() => ({}))).error || `HTTP ${r.status}`);
   return r.blob();
 }
-async function loadShots() {
-  $("shotsRefresh").disabled = true;
+function shotThumb(id) {
+  const thumbs = shots.thumbs;  // this headset's: a late failure must not touch the next one's
+  if (!thumbs.has(id)) {
+    const p = shotBlob(id, true).then(b => URL.createObjectURL(b));
+    p.catch(() => { if (thumbs.get(id) === p) thumbs.delete(id); });  // try again next time
+    thumbs.set(id, p);
+  }
+  return thumbs.get(id);
+}
+// quiet: a background check. It keeps what's shown if the Frame can't be read,
+// and redraws only when the shots (or whether they're saved here) changed.
+function loadShots(quiet) {
+  if (shots.loading) {
+    // A check already on its way will do for another check; Refresh, or a save
+    // that just finished, reads again after it so the answer is a fresh one.
+    const again = () => loadShots();
+    return quiet === true ? shots.loading : shots.loading.then(again, again);
+  }
+  const p = readShots(quiet === true).finally(() => { if (shots.loading === p) shots.loading = null; });
+  return shots.loading = p;
+}
+// Forget the shots of a headset we've switched away from, and ignore its answers still on their way.
+function resetShots() {
+  closeMenu();  // its items were about the other headset's shot
+  shots.gen++; shots.fill++; shots.loading = null; shots.list = []; shots.sig = null;
+  for (const p of shots.thumbs.values()) p.then(URL.revokeObjectURL, () => {});
+  shots.thumbs = new Map();
+}
+async function readShots(quiet) {
+  const gen = shots.gen;
+  if (!quiet) $("shotsRefresh").disabled = true;
+  let got;
   try {
-    shots.list = (await api("/api/shots")).shots;
+    got = await api("/api/shots");
   } catch (e) {
-    return failed($("shotGrid"), e);
+    if (!quiet && gen === shots.gen) { shots.sig = null; failed($("shotGrid"), e); }
+    return;
   } finally { $("shotsRefresh").disabled = false; }
-  shots.urls.forEach(URL.revokeObjectURL); shots.urls = [];
+  if (gen !== shots.gen) return;
+  ({ shots: shots.list, folder: shots.folder } = got);
+  const sig = JSON.stringify(shots.list.map(s => [s.id, s.saved, shotApp(s.appid)]));
+  if (sig !== shots.sig) { shots.sig = sig; drawShots(); }
+  fillThumbs(quiet);  // not waited for: the next check, or a save, needn't sit behind the thumbnails
+}
+// Thumbnails one at a time over the shared SSH connection. One that failed is
+// tried again on Refresh, not by every background check.
+async function fillThumbs(quiet) {
+  const run = ++shots.fill;
+  // Refresh puts every failed one back in line first, so a background pass that takes over carries them all on.
+  if (!quiet) for (const img of document.querySelectorAll("#shotGrid img[data-failed]")) delete img.dataset.failed;
+  for (const img of document.querySelectorAll("#shotGrid img[data-shot]:not([src])" + (quiet ? ":not([data-failed])" : ""))) {
+    const s = shots.list[+img.dataset.shot];
+    let url;
+    try { url = await shotThumb(s.id); } catch (e) { img.alt = "Preview failed"; img.dataset.failed = 1; }
+    if (run !== shots.fill) return;  // a newer pass (after a check, a redraw or another headset) has taken over
+    if (url) img.src = url;
+  }
+}
+// "Sep 28, 10:37 PM": short enough to sit beside the card's buttons (the full date is its tooltip).
+function shotTime(t) {
+  return new Date(t * 1000).toLocaleString([], { month: "short", day: "numeric", hour: "numeric", minute: "2-digit" });
+}
+function drawShots() {
+  const ids = new Set(shots.list.map(s => s.id));
+  for (const [id, p] of shots.thumbs) {
+    if (!ids.has(id)) { shots.thumbs.delete(id); p.then(URL.revokeObjectURL, () => {}); }
+  }
   const unsaved = shots.list.filter(s => !s.saved).length;
   $("shotCount").textContent = shots.list.length ? `${shots.list.length} on the Frame` + (unsaved && !HOST.mobile ? ` · ${unsaved} not on this ${HOST.computer}` : "") : "";
   $("shotsSaveNew").disabled = HOST.mobile ? !shots.list.length : !unsaved;
-  $("shotGrid").innerHTML = shots.list.length ? shots.list.map((s, i) => `<div class="shot-card">
-      <img class="thumb" data-shot="${i}" alt="Screenshot from ${esc(shotApp(s.appid))}" title="Open in the viewer">
+  $("shotGrid").innerHTML = shots.list.length ? shots.list.map((s, i) => `<div class="shot-card" data-card="${i}">
+      <img class="thumb" data-shot="${i}" alt="Screenshot from ${esc(shotApp(s.appid))}" title="Open in the viewer (right-click for more)">
       <div class="row"><div class="grow">
           <div class="t">${esc(shotApp(s.appid))}</div>
-          <div class="s">${esc(new Date(s.time * 1000).toLocaleString())}</div></div>
+          <div class="s" title="${esc(new Date(s.time * 1000).toLocaleString())}">${esc(shotTime(s.time))}</div></div>
+        <button class="small" data-shot-copy="${i}" title="Copy the image to the clipboard">Copy</button>
         ${s.saved && !HOST.mobile ? `<span class="tag">On ${HOST.computer}</span>` : `<button class="small" data-shot-save="${i}">Save</button>`}
       </div></div>`).join("")
     : `<div class="sub">No screenshots on the Frame yet.</div>`;
-  // Thumbnails one at a time over the shared SSH connection.
-  for (const img of document.querySelectorAll("#shotGrid img[data-shot]")) {
-    const s = shots.list[+img.dataset.shot];
-    try {
-      const url = URL.createObjectURL(await shotBlob(s.id, true));
-      shots.urls.push(url);
-      img.src = url;
-    } catch (e) { img.alt = "Preview failed"; }
-    if (!img.isConnected) return;  // the list was reloaded meanwhile
-  }
 }
 async function openShot(s) {
   if (live) toggleLive(false);
@@ -3585,7 +3673,7 @@ async function openShot(s) {
     draw();
     $("srcBadge").textContent = `Screenshot · ${shotApp(s.appid)}`;
     $("stamp").hidden = false; $("stamp").textContent = new Date(s.time * 1000).toLocaleString();
-    $("saveBtn").disabled = false;
+    $("saveBtn").disabled = $("copyBtn").disabled = false;
     $("view").scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth" });
   } catch (e) {
     toast("Couldn't open the screenshot: " + e.message, true);
@@ -3604,15 +3692,95 @@ async function saveShots(list, btn) {
                         () => api("/api/shots/save", { ids: list.map(s => s.id) }), btn);
   if (res) loadShots();
 }
+const copyShot = (s, btn) => act("Copy screenshot", () => copyImage(shotBlob(s.id, false)), btn);
 $("shotGrid").onclick = e => {
   const img = e.target.closest("img[data-shot]");
   if (img) return openShot(shots.list[+img.dataset.shot]);
+  const c = e.target.closest("[data-shot-copy]");
+  if (c) return copyShot(shots.list[+c.dataset.shotCopy], c);
   const b = e.target.closest("[data-shot-save]");
   if (b) saveShots([shots.list[+b.dataset.shotSave]], b);
 };
-$("shotsRefresh").onclick = loadShots;
+// A small right-click menu. items: [label, fn] pairs, null for a divider.
+// back: the keyboard closed it, so focus returns to where it was.
+function closeMenu(back) {
+  const menu = document.querySelector(".ctx-menu");
+  if (!menu) return;
+  menu.remove();
+  if (back === true && menu.opener?.isConnected) menu.opener.focus();
+}
+function showMenu(e, items) {
+  closeMenu();
+  const menu = document.createElement("div");
+  menu.className = "ctx-menu";
+  menu.setAttribute("role", "menu");
+  menu.opener = document.activeElement;
+  for (const it of items) {
+    if (!it) { menu.append(document.createElement("hr")); continue; }
+    const b = document.createElement("button");
+    b.textContent = it[0];
+    b.setAttribute("role", "menuitem");
+    b.onclick = () => { closeMenu(); it[1](); };
+    menu.append(b);
+  }
+  (document.fullscreenElement || document.body).append(menu);  // in front of a fullscreen viewer
+  const r = menu.getBoundingClientRect();
+  menu.style.left = Math.max(4, Math.min(e.clientX, innerWidth - r.width - 4)) + "px";
+  menu.style.top = Math.max(4, Math.min(e.clientY, innerHeight - r.height - 4)) + "px";
+  menu.querySelector("button").focus();
+}
+document.addEventListener("pointerdown", e => { if (!e.target.closest(".ctx-menu")) closeMenu(); }, true);
+document.addEventListener("keydown", e => {
+  const menu = document.querySelector(".ctx-menu");
+  if (!menu) return;
+  if (e.key === "Escape" || e.key === "Tab") { e.preventDefault(); return closeMenu(true); }  // Tab doesn't wander off behind it
+  if (e.key !== "ArrowDown" && e.key !== "ArrowUp") return;
+  e.preventDefault();  // arrows move through the menu, not the page
+  const items = [...menu.querySelectorAll("button")];
+  const at = items.indexOf(document.activeElement), step = e.key === "ArrowDown" ? 1 : -1;
+  items[at < 0 ? (step > 0 ? 0 : items.length - 1) : (at + step + items.length) % items.length].focus();
+});
+addEventListener("blur", closeMenu);
+document.addEventListener("fullscreenchange", closeMenu);
+addEventListener("scroll", closeMenu, true);
+// Right-click a screenshot for everything it can do.
+$("shotGrid").oncontextmenu = e => {
+  const card = e.target.closest("[data-card]");
+  if (!card) return;
+  e.preventDefault();
+  const s = shots.list[+card.dataset.card];
+  const items = [
+    ["Open in viewer", () => openShot(s)],
+    ["Copy image", () => copyShot(s)],
+  ];
+  if (!s.saved || HOST.mobile) items.push(null, [`Save to ${HOST.computer}`, () => saveShots([s])]);
+  else {
+    const sep = shots.folder.includes("\\") ? "\\" : "/";
+    items.push(null);
+    items.push([`Show in ${!HOST.fileManager || HOST.fileManager === "your file manager" ? "folder" : HOST.fileManager}`,
+                () => act("Show screenshot", () => api("/api/open", { what: "shot", id: s.id }))]);
+    items.push(["Copy file path", () => act("Copy file path", async () => {
+      await copyText(shots.folder + sep + s.file);
+      return { message: "Copied the file path" };
+    })]);
+  }
+  items.push(null, ["Copy file name", () => act("Copy file name", async () => {
+    await copyText(s.file);
+    return { message: "Copied " + s.file };
+  })]);
+  showMenu(e, items);
+};
+function copyText(text) {
+  if (!navigator.clipboard?.writeText) throw new Error("This browser can't copy here");
+  return navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);
+}
+$("shotsRefresh").onclick = () => loadShots();
 $("shotsSaveNew").onclick = e => saveShots(shots.list.filter(s => !s.saved), e.currentTarget);
 $("shotsFolder").onclick = e => act($("shotsFolder").textContent, () => api("/api/open", { what: "shots" }), e.currentTarget);
+// Watch for new shots: a cheap listing over the shared SSH connection while the
+// window is visible and the Frame is reachable, and again on coming back to it.
+setInterval(() => { if (!document.hidden && online) loadShots(true); }, SHOTS_POLL_MS);
+document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", () => { if (!document.hidden && online) loadShots(true); });
 
 // ---- Panel switcher: our UI over SteamVR's panel API ----
 let panelSeq = 0;
@@ -4276,7 +4444,7 @@ if (window.frameApp && window.frameApp.onInstallLink) {
 }
 
 setView("headset");
-refresh().then(loadShots);  // after status, so app names resolve
+refresh().then(() => loadShots());  // after status, so app names resolve
 document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", () => { if (!document.hidden && online === false) refresh(); });
 </script>
 <script>
@@ -4397,7 +4565,7 @@ function onConnection(s) {
     lastImg = null; lastShot = null;
     $("canvas").hidden = true; $("viewerEmpty").hidden = false; $("zoombar").hidden = true;
     ["stamp", "srcBadge", "asleep"].forEach(id => $(id).hidden = true);
-    $("saveBtn").disabled = true;
+    $("saveBtn").disabled = $("copyBtn").disabled = true;
     // Lists and their buttons (Remove, Launch…) were the other headset's: clear them
     // before anyone clicks one, until the new headset's arrive.
     ["games", "titleList", "andApps", "flatpaks", "shotGrid", "gmGrid"].forEach(id => {
@@ -4406,7 +4574,7 @@ function onConnection(s) {
     disp.list = []; disp.port = null;
     // The lists behind those panels too, so filters can't bring the old ones back.
     gm.owned = null; gm.byId = new Map(); gm.results = []; gm.store = []; gm.storeQ = null; gm.shown = 0; gm.seq++;
-    androidApps = []; shots.list = [];
+    androidApps = []; resetShots();
     titlesSeq++; disp.seq++;  // answers to loads already on their way are ignored
     if (cat.apps) filterCatalog();  // "Installed" tags were the other headset's
     // Confirmations still open were checked against the other headset.

ui/server.py

@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ def ssh(remote, *, stdin=None, timeout=30, text=True):
         # Never let ssh inherit our stdin: under the app it's the pipe held open for
         # --exit-on-eof, and Windows' ssh.exe waits on it forever.
         feed = {"input": stdin} if stdin is not None else {"stdin": subprocess.DEVNULL}
-        r = subprocess.run([*SSH, FRAME, remote], capture_output=True, **feed,
-                           text=text, errors="replace" if text else None, timeout=timeout)
+        r = frame_host.run_ssh([*SSH, FRAME, remote], capture_output=True, **feed,
+                               text=text, errors="replace" if text else None, timeout=timeout)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         raise Failure(f"Timed out talking to {FRAME}")
     if r.returncode != 0:
@@ -504,8 +504,8 @@ def save_shots(body):
         incoming = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=".incoming-", dir=SHOTS_DIR))
         try:
             try:
-                r = subprocess.run(["scp", "-p", *SSH[1:], *(f"{FRAME}:{p}" for p in todo), str(incoming)],
-                                   capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=300)
+                r = frame_host.run_ssh(["scp", "-p", *SSH[1:], *(f"{FRAME}:{p}" for p in todo), str(incoming)],
+                                       capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, timeout=300)
             except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                 raise Failure("Copying screenshots timed out")
             if r.returncode != 0:
@@ -1193,6 +1193,14 @@ def open_thing(body):
             SHOTS_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             frame_host.open_path(SHOTS_DIR)
             return {"message": f"Opened {SHOTS_DIR} in {frame_host.FILE_MANAGER}"}
+        if what == "shot":
+            saved = SHOTS_DIR / shot_path(body.get("id")).rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+            if not saved.exists():
+                raise Failure("That screenshot isn't saved on this computer yet", 404)
+            frame_host.reveal_path(saved)
+            return {"message": f"Showed {saved.name} in {frame_host.FILE_MANAGER}"}
+    except frame_host.Unreachable as e:
+        raise Failure(str(e), 400)  # theirs to turn on; nothing failed here
     except frame_host.HostError as e:
         raise Failure(str(e), 500)
     raise Failure("unknown target", 400)
@@ -2248,7 +2256,7 @@ def push_file(path, dest="Downloads/"):
         else:
             # Modern scp uses SFTP, so the remote path isn't parsed by a shell.
             cmd = ["scp", *SSH[1:], "-r", str(path), f"{FRAME}:{dest}"]
-        r = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, errors="replace", timeout=3600)
+        r = frame_host.run_ssh(cmd, capture_output=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, errors="replace", timeout=3600)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         raise Failure(f"Copying {name} timed out")
     if r.returncode != 0:
@@ -2256,6 +2264,11 @@ def push_file(path, dest="Downloads/"):
     return f"Sent {name} to ~/{dest}"
 
 
+class ClientGone(Exception):
+    """The page went away (a reload, the app quitting) before its reply was written:
+    nobody to answer, and nothing went wrong here."""
+
+
 class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
     server_version = "FrameControl/1"
     timeout = 60  # per socket operation, so a stalled client can't hold a thread
@@ -2288,8 +2301,11 @@ class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         # Nobody may frame the UI (clickjacking).
         self.send_header("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
         self.send_header("Content-Security-Policy", "frame-ancestors 'none'")
-        self.end_headers()
-        self.wfile.write(data)
+        try:
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(data)
+        except ConnectionError as e:  # Windows says ConnectionAbortedError, others BrokenPipeError
+            raise ClientGone() from e
 
     def send_json(self, obj, status=200):
         self.send_bytes(json.dumps(obj).encode(), "application/json", status)
@@ -2332,6 +2348,8 @@ class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                 from apk_sources import _images
                 try:
                     self.send_bytes(*_images.image(path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]))
+                except ClientGone:
+                    raise
                 except Exception:
                     self.send_json({"error": "Artwork unavailable"}, 404)
             elif path == "/api/sources/details":
@@ -2409,6 +2427,8 @@ class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                                 headers=[("X-Capture-Source", "gamescope")])
             else:
                 self.send_json({"error": "not found"}, 404)
+        except ClientGone:
+            raise
         except Failure as e:
             self.send_error_json(str(e), e.status, e.apk)
         except ValueError as e:
@@ -2443,6 +2463,8 @@ class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             with (contextlib.nullcontext() if path == "/api/devices" else working(meant)):
                 result = handler(body)
             self.send_json(result)
+        except ClientGone:
+            raise
         except Failure as e:
             if e.status >= 500:
                 frame_telemetry.diagnostic(f"POST {path} {action_of(body)}", e)
@@ -2618,6 +2640,10 @@ class LoopbackServer(ThreadingHTTPServer):
         socketserver.TCPServer.server_bind(self)
         self.server_name, self.server_port = "127.0.0.1", self.server_address[1]
 
+    def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
+        if not isinstance(sys.exc_info()[1], ClientGone):
+            super().handle_error(request, client_address)
+
 
 _ONE_SERVER = None
 
@@ -2661,12 +2687,16 @@ def main():
         signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda *_: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt))
     if args.exit_on_eof:
         def watch_stdin():
-            sys.stdin.buffer.read()
+            # os.read, not sys.stdin.buffer.read: a buffered read holds stdin's lock,
+            # and if a signal stops the server first, Python aborts (SIGABRT) at exit
+            # when it can't take that lock back from this thread.
+            while os.read(0, 4096):
+                pass
             threading.Thread(target=httpd.shutdown, daemon=True).start()
         threading.Thread(target=watch_stdin, daemon=True).start()
-    # The real port, which --port 0 leaves to the system (the iPhone app reads it from here).
-    print(f"Frame Control on http://127.0.0.1:{httpd.server_address[1]}  (alias: {FRAME}; Ctrl-C to stop)", flush=True)
     try:
+        # The real port, which --port 0 leaves to the system (the iPhone app reads it from here).
+        print(f"Frame Control on http://127.0.0.1:{httpd.server_address[1]}  (alias: {FRAME}; Ctrl-C to stop)", flush=True)
         httpd.serve_forever()
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         pass