diff --git a/tests/test_frame_apk_vr.py b/tests/test_frame_apk_vr.py
index aa0d984..da87d15 100644
--- a/tests/test_frame_apk_vr.py
+++ b/tests/test_frame_apk_vr.py
@@ -18,11 +18,14 @@ import frame_android
 from test_frame_apk import pool
 
 
+DEFAULT = 'android.intent.category.DEFAULT'
+
+
 def manifest(utf8=False, launcher=False, category=None, samsung=False, split=False, alias=False):
     strings = ['manifest', 'package', 'org.test.vr', 'application', 'activity', 'intent-filter',
                'action', 'category', 'name', vr.MAIN, category or next(iter(sorted(vr.VR))),
                vr.LAUNCHER, 'http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android', 'meta-data', 'value',
-               'com.samsung.android.vr.application.mode', 'vr_only', 'activity-alias']
+               'com.samsung.android.vr.application.mode', 'vr_only', 'activity-alias', DEFAULT, next(iter(sorted(vr.VR)))]
     def start(tag, attrs=()):
         body = struct.pack('<IIHHHHHH', 0xffffffff, strings.index(tag), 20, 20, len(attrs), 0, 0, 0)
         for name, value in attrs:
@@ -43,9 +46,11 @@ def manifest(utf8=False, launcher=False, category=None, samsung=False, split=Fal
     if launcher:
         b += leaf('category', [('name', vr.LAUNCHER)])
     b += end('intent-filter') + end('activity')
-    if alias:  # Godot 4: LAUNCHER only on an alias of the VR activity
+    if alias:  # Godot 4: LAUNCHER only on an alias of the activity ('vr' or 'flat')
         b += start('activity-alias') + start('intent-filter') + leaf('action', [('name', vr.MAIN)])
-        b += leaf('category', [('name', strings[10])]) + leaf('category', [('name', vr.LAUNCHER)])
+        if alias == 'vr':
+            b += leaf('category', [('name', next(iter(sorted(vr.VR))))])
+        b += leaf('category', [('name', vr.LAUNCHER)])
         b += end('intent-filter') + end('activity-alias')
     b += end('application') + end('manifest')
     return struct.pack('<HHI', 3, 8, len(b) + 8) + b
@@ -80,15 +85,39 @@ class VRTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(vr.inspect(vr.add_launcher_category(manifest(launcher=True, split=True)))[0]['launchable'])
 
     def test_alias_launcher_is_not_enough(self):
-        original = manifest(alias=True)
-        info, filters = vr.inspect(original)
-        self.assertFalse(info['launchable'])
-        self.assertTrue(info['vr_activity'])
-        self.assertEqual(len(filters), 1)
-        result = vr.add_launcher_category(original)
-        info, filters = vr.inspect(result)
+        # (manifest, still VR after patching)
+        cases = [(manifest(alias='vr'), True),                    # Godot 4 VR export
+                 (manifest(alias='vr', category=DEFAULT), True),  # VR category only on the alias
+                 (manifest(alias='flat', category=DEFAULT), False)]  # Godot 4 flat export
+        for original, is_vr in cases:
+            info, filters = vr.inspect(original)
+            self.assertFalse(info['launchable'])
+            self.assertTrue(info['repairable'])
+            self.assertEqual(len(filters), 1)
+            self.assertFalse(filters[0]['alias'])
+            result = vr.add_launcher_category(original)
+            info, _ = vr.inspect(result)
+            self.assertTrue(info['launchable'])
+            self.assertFalse(info['repairable'])
+            self.assertEqual(info['vr'], is_vr)
+
+    def test_alias_with_launchable_activity_is_left_alone(self):
+        original = manifest(launcher=True, alias='vr')
+        info, _ = vr.inspect(original)
         self.assertTrue(info['launchable'])
-        self.assertIn(vr.LAUNCHER, filters[0]['categories'])
+        self.assertFalse(info['repairable'])
+        self.assertEqual(vr.add_launcher_category(original), original)
+
+    def test_patch_alias_apk(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            src, dst = Path(d) / 'in.apk', Path(d) / 'out.apk'
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(src, 'w') as z:
+                z.writestr('AndroidManifest.xml', manifest(alias='flat', category=DEFAULT))
+            with patch.object(signing, 'signing_key', return_value=self.key):
+                result = frame_android.patch(src, dst)
+            self.assertEqual(result['patched'], ['launcher'])
+            self.assertTrue(frame_apk.apk_info(dst)['launchable'])
+            self.assertTrue(signing.verify(dst))
 
     def test_styled_pool(self):
         for utf8 in (False, True):
@@ -189,7 +218,7 @@ class VRTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_install_auto_and_override(self):
         base = {'package': 'org.test.vr', 'label': 'VR', 'abis': [], 'min_sdk': None,
-                'vr': True, 'vr_activity': True, 'launchable': False}
+                'vr': True, 'vr_activity': True, 'launchable': False, 'repairable': True}
         with patch.object(frame_android, 'apk_info', return_value=base), \
                 patch.object(frame_android, 'xr_compat_files', return_value={}), \
                 patch.object(frame_android, 'patch', return_value={'patched': ['launcher']}) as repair, \
@@ -234,7 +263,7 @@ class VRTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_install_adds_layer_to_vr_apps(self):
         base = {'package': 'org.test.vr', 'label': 'VR', 'abis': [], 'min_sdk': None,
-                'vr': True, 'vr_activity': True, 'launchable': True}
+                'vr': True, 'vr_activity': True, 'launchable': True, 'repairable': False}
         layer = {'x': b''}
         with patch.object(frame_android, 'apk_info', return_value=dict(base)), \
                 patch.object(frame_android, 'xr_compat_files', return_value=layer), \
diff --git a/ui/frame_android.py b/ui/frame_android.py
index 306860a..499e99e 100644
--- a/ui/frame_android.py
+++ b/ui/frame_android.py
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def install(apk_path, flatscreen=None, name=None, source=None, icon_png=None, xr
     # changes calls SteamVR would otherwise reject.
     add = xr_compat_files(apk_path) if (info['vr'] if xr_compat is None else xr_compat) else {}
     with _install_lock:
-        if add or (not info['launchable'] and info['vr_activity']):
+        if add or info['repairable']:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='frame-vr-') as tmp:
                 patched = os.path.join(tmp, 'app.apk')
                 info['patched'] = patch(apk_path, patched, add)['patched']
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ def patch(src, dst, add=None):
         info = apk_info(src)
         with zipfile.ZipFile(src) as z:
             original = frame_apk._read(z, 'AndroidManifest.xml', frame_apk.MAX_MANIFEST)
-        manifest = add_launcher_category(original) if info['vr_activity'] else original
-        if not info['launchable'] and not info['vr_activity']:
+        manifest = add_launcher_category(original) if info['repairable'] else original
+        if not info['launchable'] and not info['repairable']:
             raise FrameError('APK has no MAIN/LAUNCHER or patchable VR activity')
         repack(src, dst, replace={'AndroidManifest.xml': manifest}, add=add)
         result = apk_info(dst)
@@ -341,8 +341,9 @@ def main():
             if cmd == 'info':
                 info = apk_info(args[0])
                 print(frame_apk_versions.describe(info))
-                if info.get('vr'):
-                    print('VR app' + ('' if info.get('launchable') else '; Frame Control adds the LAUNCHER entry Lepton needs'))
+                fix = '; Frame Control adds the LAUNCHER entry Lepton needs' if info.get('repairable') else ''
+                if info.get('vr') or fix:
+                    print(('VR app' if info.get('vr') else 'Android app') + fix)
                 for note in info.get('vr_issues', []):
                     print(note)
                 return
diff --git a/ui/frame_apk_vr.py b/ui/frame_apk_vr.py
index 08e93d1..a9895cd 100644
--- a/ui/frame_apk_vr.py
+++ b/ui/frame_apk_vr.py
@@ -35,9 +35,13 @@ def inspect(data):
     mains = [f for f in filters if MAIN in f['actions']]
     vr_filters = [f for f in mains if VR & f['categories']]
     # Lepton's apk-info-extractor ignores <activity-alias>; Godot 4 puts LAUNCHER only there.
-    return {'launchable': any(LAUNCHER in f['categories'] for f in mains if not f['alias']),
-            'vr_activity': bool(vr_filters), 'vr': bool(vr_filters) or samsung}, \
-        [f for f in vr_filters if not f['alias']]
+    real = [f for f in mains if not f['alias']]
+    targets = [f for f in real if VR & f['categories']]
+    if not targets and any(LAUNCHER in f['categories'] or VR & f['categories'] for f in mains if f['alias']):
+        targets = [f for f in real if f['templates']]  # the patch copies an existing <category>
+    launchable = any(LAUNCHER in f['categories'] for f in real)
+    return {'launchable': launchable, 'repairable': not launchable and bool(targets),
+            'vr_activity': bool(vr_filters), 'vr': bool(vr_filters) or samsung}, targets
 
 
 def _append_string(chunk, text):
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ def add_launcher_category(axml_bytes):
     if info['launchable']:
         return axml_bytes
     if not filters:
-        raise frame_apk.ApkError('no VR activity with a MAIN intent filter to patch')
+        raise frame_apk.ApkError('no activity with a MAIN intent filter that Frame Control can patch')
     target = filters[0]
     chunks = list(frame_apk._chunks(axml_bytes, 8, len(axml_bytes)))
     pool = next(c for c in chunks if c[0] == 1)
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ def add_launcher_category(axml_bytes):
             struct.pack_into('<HBBI', start, a + 12, 8, 0, 3, index)
             break
     else:
-        raise frame_apk.ApkError('VR category has no name attribute')
+        raise frame_apk.ApkError('category has no name attribute')
     end = struct.pack('<HHI', 0x0103, hs, hs + 8) + start[8:hs] + start[hs:hs + 8]
     result = bytearray(axml_bytes[:8])
     for _, _, off, size in chunks: