FEX-Emu--FEX/Source/Tools/LinuxEmulation/VDSO_Emulation.cpp

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
#include "VDSO_Emulation.h"
#include "FEXCore/IR/IR.h"
#include "LinuxSyscalls/x32/Types.h"

#include <FEXCore/Config/Config.h>
#include <FEXCore/Core/Context.h>
#include <FEXCore/Utils/MathUtils.h>
#include <FEXCore/Utils/LogManager.h>
#include <FEXCore/fextl/fmt.h>
#include <FEXHeaderUtils/Syscalls.h>

#include <array>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <filesystem>
#include <sys/auxv.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

namespace FEX::VDSO {
VDSOSigReturn VDSOPointers {};
namespace VDSOHandlers {
  using TimeType = decltype(::time)*;
  using GetTimeOfDayType = decltype(::gettimeofday)*;
  using ClockGetTimeType = decltype(::clock_gettime)*;
  using ClockGetResType = decltype(::clock_getres)*;
  using GetCPUType = decltype(FHU::Syscalls::getcpu)*;
  using GetRandomType = ssize_t (*)(void*, size_t, uint32_t, void*, size_t);

  TimeType TimePtr;
  GetTimeOfDayType GetTimeOfDayPtr;
  ClockGetTimeType ClockGetTimePtr;
  ClockGetResType ClockGetResPtr;
  GetCPUType GetCPUPtr;
  GetRandomType GetRandomPtr;
} // namespace VDSOHandlers

using HandlerPtr = void (*)(void*);
namespace x64 {
  static uint64_t SyscallRet(uint64_t Result) {
    if (Result == -1) {
      return -errno;
    }
    return Result;
  }
  // glibc handlers
  namespace glibc {
    static void time(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        time_t* a_0;
        uint64_t rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      uint64_t Result = ::time(args->a_0);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }

    static void gettimeofday(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        struct timeval* tv;
        struct timezone* tz;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      int Result = ::gettimeofday(args->tv, args->tz);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }

    static void clock_gettime(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        struct timespec* tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      int Result = ::clock_gettime(args->clk_id, args->tp);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }

    static void clock_getres(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        struct timespec* tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      int Result = ::clock_getres(args->clk_id, args->tp);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }

    static void getcpu(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        uint32_t* cpu;
        uint32_t* node;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      int Result = FHU::Syscalls::getcpu(args->cpu, args->node);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }

    static void getrandom(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct vgetrandom_opaque_params {
        uint32_t size_of_opaque_state;
        uint32_t mmap_prot;
        uint32_t mmap_flags;
        uint32_t reserved[13];
      };
      static_assert(sizeof(vgetrandom_opaque_params) == sizeof(uint32_t[16]));

      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        void* buffer;
        size_t len;
        uint32_t flags;
        vgetrandom_opaque_params* opaque_state;
        size_t opaque_len;
        ssize_t rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      if (args->buffer == nullptr && args->len == 0 && args->flags == 0 && args->opaque_len == ~0ULL) [[unlikely]] {
        // Special case querying for flags
        // Since this is the syscall implementation, we need to return valid but unused data.
        // This will cause glibc to allocate a page of memory, but it ends up being unused.
        args->opaque_state->size_of_opaque_state = 4096;
        args->opaque_state->mmap_prot = PROT_NONE;
        args->opaque_state->mmap_flags = MAP_NORESERVE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE;
        args->rv = 0;
        return;
      }

      int Result = ::syscall(SYS_getrandom, args->buffer, args->len, args->flags);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }
  } // namespace glibc

  namespace VDSO {
    // VDSO handlers
    static void time(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        time_t* a_0;
        uint64_t rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::TimePtr(args->a_0);
    }

    static void gettimeofday(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        struct timeval* tv;
        struct timezone* tz;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::GetTimeOfDayPtr(args->tv, args->tz);
    }

    static void clock_gettime(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        struct timespec* tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::ClockGetTimePtr(args->clk_id, args->tp);
    }

    static void clock_getres(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        struct timespec* tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::ClockGetResPtr(args->clk_id, args->tp);
    }

    static void getcpu(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        uint32_t* cpu;
        uint32_t* node;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::GetCPUPtr(args->cpu, args->node);
    }

    static void getrandom(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        void* buffer;
        size_t len;
        uint32_t flags;
        void* opaque_state;
        size_t opaque_len;
        ssize_t rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::GetRandomPtr(args->buffer, args->len, args->flags, args->opaque_state, args->opaque_len);
    }
  } // namespace VDSO

  HandlerPtr Handler_time = FEX::VDSO::x64::glibc::time;
  HandlerPtr Handler_gettimeofday = FEX::VDSO::x64::glibc::gettimeofday;
  HandlerPtr Handler_clock_gettime = FEX::VDSO::x64::glibc::clock_gettime;
  HandlerPtr Handler_clock_getres = FEX::VDSO::x64::glibc::clock_getres;
  HandlerPtr Handler_getcpu = FEX::VDSO::x64::glibc::getcpu;
  HandlerPtr Handler_getrandom = FEX::VDSO::x64::glibc::getrandom;
} // namespace x64
namespace x32 {
  namespace glibc {
    static int SyscallRet(int Result) {
      if (Result == -1) {
        return -errno;
      }
      return Result;
    }

    // glibc handlers
    static void time(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<FEX::HLE::x32::old_time32_t> a_0;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      time_t Host {};
      int Result = ::time(&Host);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
      if (Result != -1 && args->a_0) {
        *args->a_0 = Host;
      }
    }

    static void gettimeofday(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<FEX::HLE::x32::timeval32> tv;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<struct timezone> tz;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      struct timeval tv64 {};
      struct timeval* tv_ptr {};
      if (args->tv) {
        tv_ptr = &tv64;
      }

      int Result = ::gettimeofday(tv_ptr, args->tz);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);

      if (Result != -1 && args->tv) {
        *args->tv = tv64;
      }
    }

    static void clock_gettime(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<HLE::x32::timespec32> tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      struct timespec tp64 {};
      int Result = ::clock_gettime(args->clk_id, &tp64);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);

      if (Result != -1 && args->tp) {
        *args->tp = tp64;
      }
    }

    static void clock_gettime64(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<struct timespec> tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      int Result = ::clock_gettime(args->clk_id, args->tp);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }

    static void clock_getres(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<HLE::x32::timespec32> tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      struct timespec tp64 {};

      int Result = ::clock_getres(args->clk_id, &tp64);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);

      if (Result != -1 && args->tp) {
        *args->tp = tp64;
      }
    }

    static void getcpu(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<uint32_t> cpu;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<uint32_t> node;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      int Result = ::getcpu(args->cpu, args->node);
      args->rv = SyscallRet(Result);
    }
  } // namespace glibc

  namespace VDSO {
    static bool SyscallErr(uint64_t Result) {
      return Result >= -4095;
    }

    // VDSO handlers
    static void time(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<FEX::HLE::x32::old_time32_t> a_0;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      time_t Host {};
      uint64_t Result = VDSOHandlers::TimePtr(&Host);
      args->rv = Result;
      if (!SyscallErr(Result) && args->a_0) {
        *args->a_0 = Host;
      }
    }

    static void gettimeofday(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<FEX::HLE::x32::timeval32> tv;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<struct timezone> tz;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      struct timeval tv64 {};
      struct timeval* tv_ptr {};
      if (args->tv) {
        tv_ptr = &tv64;
      }

      uint64_t Result = VDSOHandlers::GetTimeOfDayPtr(tv_ptr, args->tz);
      args->rv = Result;

      if (!SyscallErr(Result) && args->tv) {
        *args->tv = tv64;
      }
    }

    static void clock_gettime(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<HLE::x32::timespec32> tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      struct timespec tp64 {};
      uint64_t Result = VDSOHandlers::ClockGetTimePtr(args->clk_id, &tp64);
      args->rv = Result;

      if (!SyscallErr(Result) && args->tp) {
        *args->tp = tp64;
      }
    }

    static void clock_gettime64(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<struct timespec> tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::ClockGetTimePtr(args->clk_id, args->tp);
    }

    static void clock_getres(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        clockid_t clk_id;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<HLE::x32::timespec32> tp;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      struct timespec tp64 {};

      uint64_t Result = VDSOHandlers::ClockGetResPtr(args->clk_id, &tp64);
      args->rv = Result;

      if (!SyscallErr(Result) && args->tp) {
        *args->tp = tp64;
      }
    }

    static void getcpu(void* ArgsRV) {
      struct __attribute__((packed)) ArgsRV_t {
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<uint32_t> cpu;
        HLE::x32::compat_ptr<uint32_t> node;
        int rv;
      }* args = reinterpret_cast<ArgsRV_t*>(ArgsRV);

      args->rv = VDSOHandlers::GetCPUPtr(args->cpu, args->node);
    }
  } // namespace VDSO

  HandlerPtr Handler_time = FEX::VDSO::x32::glibc::time;
  HandlerPtr Handler_gettimeofday = FEX::VDSO::x32::glibc::gettimeofday;
  HandlerPtr Handler_clock_gettime = FEX::VDSO::x32::glibc::clock_gettime;
  HandlerPtr Handler_clock_gettime64 = FEX::VDSO::x32::glibc::clock_gettime64;
  HandlerPtr Handler_clock_getres = FEX::VDSO::x32::glibc::clock_getres;
  HandlerPtr Handler_getcpu = FEX::VDSO::x32::glibc::getcpu;
} // namespace x32

class VDSOParser final {
public:
  VDSOParser(const uint8_t* HeaderBase);

  void* FindSymbol(std::string_view Name) const {
    auto it = Symbols.find(Name);
    if (it == Symbols.end()) {
      return nullptr;
    }
    return it->second;
  }
private:
  fextl::map<std::string_view, void*> Symbols;
};

VDSOParser::VDSOParser(const uint8_t* HeaderBase) {
  // Minimal ELF parser that only knows how to scan for dynamic symbols from VDSO.
  auto Header = reinterpret_cast<const Elf64_Ehdr*>(HeaderBase);
  auto SectionHeaderOffset = Header->e_shoff;
  auto SectionHeaderCount = Header->e_shnum;
  auto SectionHeaders = reinterpret_cast<const Elf64_Shdr*>(&HeaderBase[SectionHeaderOffset]);

  // Scan for the symbol and string headers.
  const Elf64_Shdr* DynamicSymbolHeader {};
  const Elf64_Shdr* DynamicStringHeader {};
  for (size_t i = 0; i < SectionHeaderCount; ++i) {
    if (DynamicSymbolHeader && DynamicStringHeader) {
      // Found both headers.
      break;
    }

    if (SectionHeaders[i].sh_type == SHT_DYNSYM) {
      // Dynamic symbol header found.
      DynamicSymbolHeader = &SectionHeaders[i];
    }

    if (SectionHeaders[i].sh_type == SHT_STRTAB && SectionHeaders[i].sh_addr) {
      // Dynamic string header found.
      DynamicStringHeader = &SectionHeaders[i];
    }
  }

  if (!DynamicSymbolHeader || !DynamicStringHeader) {
    LogMan::Msg::DFmt("Couldn't parse host VDSO symbols. Falling back to glibc implementations.");
    return;
  }

  auto NumberOfDynamicSymbols = DynamicSymbolHeader->sh_size / DynamicSymbolHeader->sh_entsize;
  const char* DynamicStringTable = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&HeaderBase[DynamicStringHeader->sh_offset]);

  // Scan all the symbols and populate the look-up table.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumberOfDynamicSymbols; ++i) {
    auto Offset = DynamicSymbolHeader->sh_offset + (i * DynamicSymbolHeader->sh_entsize);
    auto Symbol = reinterpret_cast<const Elf64_Sym*>(&HeaderBase[Offset]);

    if (Symbol->st_info != 0) {
      // Save the symbol.
      const char* Name = &DynamicStringTable[Symbol->st_name];
      auto SymbolPtr = HeaderBase + Symbol->st_value;
      Symbols[Name] = const_cast<void*>(static_cast<const void*>(SymbolPtr));
    }
  }
}

void LoadHostVDSO() {
  // Linux gives the VDSO ELF header base in the auxv value AT_SYSINFO_EHDR.
  auto VDSOHeader = ::getauxval(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR);

  if (!VDSOHeader) {
    // We couldn't load VDSO, fallback to C implementations. Which will still be faster than emulated libc versions.
    LogMan::Msg::IFmt("linux-vdso implementation falling back to libc. Consider enabling VDSO in your kernel.");
    return;
  }

  auto VDSO = VDSOParser(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(VDSOHeader));

  auto SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__kernel_time");
  if (!SymbolPtr) {
    SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__vdso_time");
  }
  if (SymbolPtr) {
    VDSOHandlers::TimePtr = reinterpret_cast<VDSOHandlers::TimeType>(SymbolPtr);
    x64::Handler_time = x64::VDSO::time;
    x32::Handler_time = x32::VDSO::time;
  }

  SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__kernel_gettimeofday");
  if (!SymbolPtr) {
    SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__vdso_gettimeofday");
  }

  if (SymbolPtr) {
    VDSOHandlers::GetTimeOfDayPtr = reinterpret_cast<VDSOHandlers::GetTimeOfDayType>(SymbolPtr);
    x64::Handler_gettimeofday = x64::VDSO::gettimeofday;
    x32::Handler_gettimeofday = x32::VDSO::gettimeofday;
  }

  SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__kernel_clock_gettime");
  if (!SymbolPtr) {
    SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__vdso_clock_gettime");
  }

  if (SymbolPtr) {
    VDSOHandlers::ClockGetTimePtr = reinterpret_cast<VDSOHandlers::ClockGetTimeType>(SymbolPtr);
    x64::Handler_clock_gettime = x64::VDSO::clock_gettime;
    x32::Handler_clock_gettime = x32::VDSO::clock_gettime;
    x32::Handler_clock_gettime64 = x32::VDSO::clock_gettime64;
  }

  SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__kernel_clock_getres");
  if (!SymbolPtr) {
    SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__vdso_clock_getres");
  }

  if (SymbolPtr) {
    VDSOHandlers::ClockGetResPtr = reinterpret_cast<VDSOHandlers::ClockGetResType>(SymbolPtr);
    x64::Handler_clock_getres = x64::VDSO::clock_getres;
    x32::Handler_clock_getres = x32::VDSO::clock_getres;
  }

  SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__kernel_getcpu");
  if (!SymbolPtr) {
    SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__vdso_getcpu");
  }

  if (SymbolPtr) {
    VDSOHandlers::GetCPUPtr = reinterpret_cast<VDSOHandlers::GetCPUType>(SymbolPtr);
    x64::Handler_getcpu = x64::VDSO::getcpu;
    x32::Handler_getcpu = x32::VDSO::getcpu;
  }

  SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__kernel_getrandom");
  if (!SymbolPtr) {
    SymbolPtr = VDSO.FindSymbol("__vdso_getrandom");
  }

  if (SymbolPtr) {
    VDSOHandlers::GetRandomPtr = reinterpret_cast<VDSOHandlers::GetRandomType>(SymbolPtr);
    x64::Handler_getrandom = x64::VDSO::getrandom;
    // 32-bit doesn't have getrandom vdso
  }
}

static std::array<FEXCore::IR::ThunkDefinition, 7> VDSODefinitions = {{
  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:time)
    {0x37, 0x63, 0x46, 0xb0, 0x79, 0x06, 0x5f, 0x9d, 0x00, 0xb6, 0x8d, 0xfd, 0x9e, 0x4a, 0x62, 0xcd,
     0x1e, 0x6c, 0xcc, 0x22, 0xcd, 0xb2, 0xc0, 0x17, 0x7d, 0x42, 0x6a, 0x40, 0xd1, 0xeb, 0xfa, 0xe0},
    nullptr,
  },
  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:gettimeofday)
    {0x77, 0x2a, 0xde, 0x1c, 0x13, 0x2d, 0xe9, 0x48, 0xaf, 0xe0, 0xba, 0xcc, 0x6a, 0x89, 0xff, 0xca,
     0x4a, 0xdc, 0xd5, 0x63, 0x2c, 0xc5, 0x62, 0x8b, 0x5d, 0xde, 0x0b, 0x15, 0x35, 0xc6, 0xc7, 0x14},
    nullptr,
  },
  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:clock_gettime)
    {0x3c, 0x96, 0x9b, 0x2d, 0xc3, 0xad, 0x2b, 0x3b, 0x9c, 0x4e, 0x4d, 0xca, 0x1c, 0xe8, 0x18, 0x4a,
     0x12, 0x8a, 0xe4, 0xc1, 0x56, 0x92, 0x73, 0xce, 0x65, 0x85, 0x5f, 0x65, 0x7e, 0x94, 0x26, 0xbe},
    nullptr,
  },

  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:clock_gettime64)
    {0xba, 0xe9, 0x6d, 0x30, 0xc0, 0x68, 0xc6, 0xd7, 0x59, 0x04, 0xf7, 0x10, 0x06, 0x72, 0x88, 0xfd,
     0x4c, 0x57, 0x0f, 0x31, 0xa5, 0xea, 0xa9, 0xb9, 0xd3, 0x8d, 0x03, 0x81, 0x50, 0x16, 0x22, 0x71},
    nullptr,
  },

  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:clock_getres)
    {0xe4, 0xa1, 0xf6, 0x23, 0x35, 0xae, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0xb0, 0x37, 0xc5, 0xc3, 0xa3, 0xfd, 0xbf, 0xa2,
     0xa1, 0xc8, 0x95, 0x78, 0xe5, 0x76, 0x86, 0xdb, 0x3e, 0x6c, 0x54, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x60, 0xd8, 0x6d},
    nullptr,
  },
  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:getcpu)
    {0x39, 0x83, 0x39, 0x36, 0x0f, 0x68, 0xd6, 0xfc, 0xc2, 0x3a, 0x97, 0x11, 0x85, 0x09, 0xc7, 0x25,
     0xbb, 0x50, 0x49, 0x55, 0x6b, 0x0c, 0x9f, 0x50, 0x37, 0xf5, 0x9d, 0xb0, 0x38, 0x58, 0x57, 0x12},
    nullptr,
  },
  {
    // sha256(libVDSO:getrandom)
    {0xf8, 0x03, 0xe2, 0x70, 0xe3, 0xf1, 0xbb, 0xc1, 0x7d, 0xa7, 0x8b, 0xb3, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0xbd, 0xc6,
     0x8a, 0x50, 0xd3, 0x4a, 0x1f, 0xb3, 0x4b, 0x7e, 0x32, 0xcb, 0x1e, 0x18, 0x3b, 0x7c, 0xeb, 0x4b},
    nullptr,
  },
}};

void LoadGuestVDSOSymbols(bool Is64Bit, char* VDSOBase) {
  // We need to load symbols we care about.
  if (Is64Bit) {
    // We don't care about any 64-bit symbols right now.
    return;
  }

  // 32-bit symbol loading.
  const Elf32_Ehdr* Header = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Ehdr*>(VDSOBase);

  // First walk the section headers to find the symbol table.
  const Elf32_Shdr* RawShdrs = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Shdr*>(VDSOBase + Header->e_shoff);

  const Elf32_Shdr* StrHeader = &RawShdrs[Header->e_shstrndx];
  const char* SHStrings = VDSOBase + StrHeader->sh_offset;

  const Elf32_Shdr* SymTableHeader {};
  const Elf32_Shdr* StringTableHeader {};

  for (size_t i = 0; i < Header->e_shnum; ++i) {
    const auto& Header = RawShdrs[i];
    if (Header.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB && strcmp(&SHStrings[Header.sh_name], ".symtab") == 0) {
      SymTableHeader = &Header;
      StringTableHeader = &RawShdrs[SymTableHeader->sh_link];
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!SymTableHeader) {
    // Couldn't find symbol table
    return;
  }

  const char* StrTab = VDSOBase + StringTableHeader->sh_offset;
  size_t NumSymbols = SymTableHeader->sh_size / SymTableHeader->sh_entsize;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumSymbols; ++i) {
    uint64_t offset = SymTableHeader->sh_offset + i * SymTableHeader->sh_entsize;
    const Elf32_Sym* Symbol = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Sym*>(VDSOBase + offset);
    if (ELF32_ST_VISIBILITY(Symbol->st_other) != STV_HIDDEN && Symbol->st_value != 0) {
      const char* Name = &StrTab[Symbol->st_name];
      if (Name[0] != '\0') {
        if (strcmp(Name, "__kernel_sigreturn") == 0) {
          VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_sigreturn = VDSOBase + Symbol->st_value;
        } else if (strcmp(Name, "__kernel_rt_sigreturn") == 0) {
          VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_rt_sigreturn = VDSOBase + Symbol->st_value;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void LoadUnique32BitSigreturn(VDSOMapping* Mapping, FEX::HLE::SyscallHandler* const Handler) {
  // Hardcoded to one page for now
  const auto PageSize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
  Mapping->OptionalMappingSize = PageSize > 0 ? PageSize : FEXCore::Utils::FEX_PAGE_SIZE;

  // First 64bit page
  constexpr uintptr_t LOCATION_MAX = 0x1'0000'0000;

  // We need to have the sigret handler in the lower 32bits of memory space
  // Scan top down and try to allocate a location
  for (size_t Location = 0xFFFF'E000; Location != 0x0; Location -= PageSize) {
    void* Ptr =
      ::mmap(reinterpret_cast<void*>(Location), PageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);

    if (Ptr != MAP_FAILED && reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Ptr) >= LOCATION_MAX) {
      // Failed to map in the lower 32bits
      // Try again
      // Can happen in the case that host kernel ignores MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
      ::munmap(Ptr, PageSize);
      continue;
    }

    if (Ptr != MAP_FAILED) {
      Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping = Ptr;
      break;
    }
  }

  // Can't do anything about this
  // Here's hoping the application doesn't use signals
  if (!Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping) {
    return;
  }

  // Signal return handlers need to be bit-exact to what the Linux kernel provides in VDSO.
  // GDB and unwinding libraries key off of these instructions to understand if the stack frame is a signal frame or not.
  // This two code sections match exactly what libSegFault expects.
  //
  // Typically this handlers are provided by the 32-bit VDSO thunk library, but that isn't available in all cases.
  // Falling back to this generated code segment still allows a backtrace to work, just might not show
  // the symbol as VDSO since there is no ELF to parse.
  constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 9> sigreturn_32_code = {
    0x58,                         // pop eax
    0xb8, 0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // mov eax, 0x77
    0xcd, 0x80,                   // int 0x80
    0x90,                         // nop
  };

  constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> rt_sigreturn_32_code = {
    0xb8, 0xad, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // mov eax, 0xad
    0xcd, 0x80,                   // int 0x80
  };

  VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_sigreturn = Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping;
  VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_rt_sigreturn =
    reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping) + sigreturn_32_code.size());

  memcpy(reinterpret_cast<void*>(VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_sigreturn), &sigreturn_32_code.at(0), sigreturn_32_code.size());
  memcpy(reinterpret_cast<void*>(VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_rt_sigreturn), &rt_sigreturn_32_code.at(0), rt_sigreturn_32_code.size());

  mprotect(Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping, Mapping->OptionalMappingSize, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC);
  {
    auto lk = FEXCore::GuardSignalDeferringSectionWithFallback(Handler->VMATracking.Mutex, nullptr);
    FEX::HLE::_SyscallHandler->TrackMmap(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping),
                                         Mapping->OptionalMappingSize, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
  }

  FEX::HLE::_SyscallHandler->InvalidateCodeRangeIfNecessary(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(Mapping->OptionalSigReturnMapping),
                                                            Mapping->OptionalMappingSize);
}

void UnloadVDSOMapping(const VDSOMapping& Mapping) {
  if (Mapping.VDSOBase) {
    munmap(Mapping.VDSOBase, Mapping.VDSOSize);
  }

  if (Mapping.OptionalSigReturnMapping) {
    munmap(Mapping.OptionalSigReturnMapping, Mapping.OptionalMappingSize);
  }
}

VDSOMapping LoadVDSOThunks(bool Is64Bit, FEX::HLE::SyscallHandler* const Handler) {
  VDSOMapping Mapping {};
  FEX_CONFIG_OPT(ThunkGuestLibs, THUNKGUESTLIBS);
  FEX_CONFIG_OPT(ThunkGuestLibs32, THUNKGUESTLIBS32);

  fextl::string ThunkGuestPath {};
  if (Is64Bit) {
    ThunkGuestPath = fextl::fmt::format("{}/libVDSO-guest.so", ThunkGuestLibs());
  } else {
    ThunkGuestPath = fextl::fmt::format("{}/libVDSO-guest.so", ThunkGuestLibs32());
  }
  // Load VDSO if we can
  int VDSOFD = ::open(ThunkGuestPath.c_str(), O_RDONLY);

  if (VDSOFD != -1) {
    // Get file size
    Mapping.VDSOSize = lseek(VDSOFD, 0, SEEK_END);

    if (Mapping.VDSOSize >= 4) {
      // Reset to beginning
      lseek(VDSOFD, 0, SEEK_SET);
      Mapping.VDSOSize = FEXCore::AlignUp(Mapping.VDSOSize, 4096);

      // Map the VDSO file to memory
      Mapping.VDSOBase = Handler->GuestMmap(nullptr, nullptr, Mapping.VDSOSize, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, VDSOFD, 0);

      // Since we found our VDSO thunk library, find our host VDSO function implementations.
      LoadHostVDSO();
    }
    close(VDSOFD);
    LoadGuestVDSOSymbols(Is64Bit, reinterpret_cast<char*>(Mapping.VDSOBase));
  }

  if (!Is64Bit && (!VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_sigreturn || !VDSOPointers.VDSO_kernel_rt_sigreturn)) {
    // If VDSO couldn't find sigreturn then FEX needs to provide unique implementations.
    LoadUnique32BitSigreturn(&Mapping, Handler);
  }

  if (Is64Bit) {
    // Set the Thunk definition pointers for x86-64
    VDSODefinitions[0].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_time;
    VDSODefinitions[1].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_gettimeofday;
    VDSODefinitions[2].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_clock_gettime;
    VDSODefinitions[3].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_clock_gettime;
    VDSODefinitions[4].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_clock_getres;
    VDSODefinitions[5].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_getcpu;
    VDSODefinitions[6].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x64::Handler_getrandom;
  } else {
    // Set the Thunk definition pointers for x86
    VDSODefinitions[0].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x32::Handler_time;
    VDSODefinitions[1].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x32::Handler_gettimeofday;
    VDSODefinitions[2].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x32::Handler_clock_gettime;
    VDSODefinitions[3].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x32::Handler_clock_gettime64;
    VDSODefinitions[4].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x32::Handler_clock_getres;
    VDSODefinitions[5].ThunkFunction = FEX::VDSO::x32::Handler_getcpu;
    // getrandom doesn't exist on 32-bit, so leave VDSODefinitions[6] unfilled
  }

  return Mapping;
}

uint64_t GetVSyscallEntry(const void* VDSOBase) {
  if (!VDSOBase) {
    return 0;
  }

  // Extract the vsyscall location from the VDSO header.
  auto Header = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Ehdr*>(VDSOBase);

  if (Header->e_entry) {
    return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(VDSOBase) + Header->e_entry;
  }

  return 0;
}

const std::span<FEXCore::IR::ThunkDefinition> GetVDSOThunkDefinitions(bool Is64Bit) {
  return std::span(VDSODefinitions.begin(), VDSODefinitions.end() - (Is64Bit ? 0 : 1));
}

const VDSOSigReturn& GetVDSOSymbols() {
  return VDSOPointers;
}
} // namespace FEX::VDSO